WORLD OF ENGLISH ACADEMIC WRITING ORAL COMMUNICATION Nyborg

WORLD OF ENGLISH ACADEMIC WRITING & ORAL COMMUNICATION Nyborg, Oktober 2018

Programme for today ■ Academic Writing ■ Oral Communication ■ Group work + presentations ■ Evaluation

Introduction to academic writing § Why we write § The basics of academic writing § Writing within certain conventions § Writing exercises

Why do we write? § § Messages Ideas Thoughts Teachings

Basic communication Writer Text Messages, Teachings, Thoughts, Ideas Reader / Receiver

Guidelines from ”Academic Writer’s Handbook” 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Understand your assignment Choose a topic and make a claim Understand the reader’s needs: Devise strategies to win their approval Conduct research Establish your trustworthiness (be thorough and avoid errors both in evidence and language) 6. Develop reasons for supporting the claim (In academia, primarily appeal to logos) 7. Raise and respond to counterarguments 8. Plan a structure for your argument 9. Write two or three drafts 10. Write the end product

We will focus on § Knowing your reader § The correct writing approaches to reach them § What could we look for in our reader?

Exercise § Look at the following three texts § Take special note of the writing style (formality, grammar, wording) § Try to figure out what platform is used, what the context is, and who the reader and writers are (these may be of varying importance in the three pictures)

Conclusion ! § In order to successfully deliver your message you must understand the context in which you are writing § Different social contexts have different rules when it comes to dictionary and formality

Creating focus § Humans often pay more attention to the first thing they see. That is why the first impression is so important. § Important: Introduce thing you want focus on in your writing as soon as possible § Broad introduction to your assignment § Paragraph introductions within your assignment § Single words within a sentence § Grammar can be helpful

Creating focus

Talent. Camp as your reader § Talent. Camp is inspired by universities § Therefore: Academic Writing § Let us establish some basic rules

The writing conventions of academia § No contractions § “He is”, never “he’s”. Same with “can’t, they’re, you’re, ” § No informal abbreviations either § “etc”, ”fx”, always use “and so on”/”among others” and “for example” § Some formal abbreviations, such as titles and longer names, are okay: ”Mr. , Mrs. , Ph. D, Gen, FAA (Federal Aviation Administration)” § Avoid slang, jargon or other colloquial language § “u, l 8 ter, lol, j/k”

Know your capitals (letters) When do we use capital letters? § Proper nouns /names § Places § Nationalities § Languages § Religions § Days, months, historical periods § Holidays

Exercise – know your reader § Write the same message – but to 3 different readers § Your message is that you are on a Talent. Camp, learning a lot of new things. You can choose to include what you have learned, how you feel, and if you are having fun. § Write this message as a 1) Tweet 2) “letter” to the Queen of England 3) short text to me, your teacher at TC § Remember to consider the things we have talked about, such as wording, formality, and the use of abbreviations. jokir 16@student. sdu. dk

ORAL COMMUNICATION

Oral communication § The basics § § Voice Words Plagiarism Body language § Speeches § Argumentation § Visual Aids - Power. Point

The basics Voice § Articulation § Speak clearly § Do not mumble or cut off endings § Pronunciation § Make sure you know how to pronounce all the words you wish to use during your speech/presentation etc. § Especially those listed on your Power. Point or likewise

The basics Voice § Rhythm § When you want to emphasize something § Repetition § Alliteration When I was a child, I spoke as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child. Alison always admired Amy’s angelic a capella.

The basics Voice § Dialect / accent § Be consistent § Do not be intrusive § Volume and rate § Everyone must be able to hear you § Do not speak too fast – or too slow § Double negative – “ain’t” and “no” within one sentence § Most often used by African Americans

The basics Words § Use accurate and clear words § Accurate = correct § Clear = familiar and precise § Avoid redundancy § Avoid a word such as like: “it is a big thing, like, you know, a big issue, which, like, causes problems and, like, is a hazard”

The basics Words § Careful of words’ denotative and connotative meanings § Denotative = literal § Connotative = implied

The basics Plagarism Not only important in writing, but also in oral communication 3 different kinds of plagiarism – avoid ALL of them § Global § Patchwork § Incremental Example of plagiarism: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Rcbi. Gs. DMm. CM

The basics Body language Personal appearance ■ Dress to impress Movements ■ Do not… § Pace § Shift your weight constantly (back and forth, from side to side) § Stand still as a rock Gestures ■ Use wisely – must not distract Eye contact ■ Keep eye contact with the entire audience ■ Do not stare

The basics Body language Exercise: § Power pose for 3 minutes (no talking) § While posing, think of a topic, which you can speak about for 1 minute § When the 3 minutes of posing are up, 3 speakers will be randomly chosen to talk for 1 minute

The basics Confidence Many get nervous when speaking in front of an audience – and the power pose does not work for everyone A brief video with 3 tips: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=l_NYr. Wq. UR 40

Speeches Methods of delivery § Reading from manuscript § Used when details (years/numbers etc. ) are important § Be careful of monotone reading § Reciting from memory § Used for very short speeches § Speaking impromptu § No preparation § Speaking extemporaneously § Literal = no preparation § In this case = speaking based on an outline § More lively than reading from manuscript, more precise than from memory

Speeches Exercise: Speaking impromptu § Groups of 3 -4 § Take turns picking a topic from the envelope § Everyone must speak at least once § Speak for 1 minute about your topic § Provide each other with feedback § Be constructive (do not just say ”that was good”) § Be nice § Be fair

Argumentation The pillars of persuasion Logos Pathos Ethos

Argumentation The pillars of persuasion § Logos; appeal to logic through facts § Pathos; appeal to the audience’s feelings § Ethos; making yourself credible and trustworthy You cannot persuade by using only one pillar – people reason through both emotions and logic

Argumentation Using logos § Refer to … § hard facts § experts § Statistics and numbers § Stick to the point and employ logic reasoning § Be neutral § Use clear and accurate words

Argumentation Using pathos Use … § vivid language – the audience must be able to imagine, see, and feel your point/story § appeal to the audience’s feelings § anger, joy, fear, hope, shame, compassion, envy

Argumentation Using ethos Refer to… § personal experience § your background which makes you the right one to talk about the subject § education, employment etc. § values you share with the audience § authorities who share your point of view Be… § calm, respectful, positive, understanding

Argumentation Using ethos DO NOT… § brag or appear superior § § § condescend § Audience, opponent etc. act like a know-it-all blame the audience for their misfortune lie, nag, mislead, distract lose your confidence

Argumentation Exercise In groups of 3 you must argue for or against the statement on the next slide I will decide which groups are pro and which are con § Your own opinion is not important, you must focus on persuading the audience to be either for or against the matter You must build your argument around at least 2 of the pillars of persuasion You have 10 minutes to build up your argument in the group, afterwards 2 groups (1 pro, 1 con) will be randomly picked to perform their argument in 2 minutes

Argumentation Exercise You should be allowed to vote in public elections from the age of 16

Argumentation Analysis of a debate In the same groups, you must look for one of the following in the video (I will decide who gets to look for what): 1. 2. 3. 4. The basics; voice, words, and body language The use of logos The use of pathos The use of ethos You must analyze both speakers Take notes individually. After the video, the groups will get 5 -7 minutes to compare notes etc. before presenting their findings to the class

Visual aids: Power. Point (PP) § Simplify and enlarge § YES, there is such a thing as overdoing it! § Use readable fonts § Do not use numerous fonts in one presentation § For emphasis only: § Color, Italics, underline, Bold fonts § Practice with your PP § Your PP should aid you, but not replace you § Talk to the audience, not the PP

THE FINAL ASSIGNMENT: SPEECH ES

Group work on speeches § Same groups as yesterday, same countries § Each group will work with one speech from their country § You will get a handout of your assignment, but you can also find it on the padlet under “Materials” § The group must read the entire first page of the assignment before leaving the room! § You must watch the speech in the video together § Notice the time stamp listed right after the link to the video (xx: xx-xx: xx) – This is the timeslot you must use from the video (roughly 6 -7 minutes total) § The transcript (the speech in writing) is also on the handout for help § A presentation of the findings must be ready 15. 30. Upload your Power. Point to the Padlet Each group will have 10 minutes to present – and everyone in the group must speak at the presentation

EVALUERING Kan findes på Padlet