World Meteorological Organization WMO Working together in weather

World Meteorological Organization WMO Working together in weather, climate and water WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) Task Team to Regulatory Material Geneva, Swiss 19 – 24 Nov. 2012 Wenjian Zhang Director, Observing and Information Systems Department World Meteorological Organization

A challenge: The evolving observing systems The continuing changing observing system Courtesy, S. Brönnimann

WMO INTEGRATED GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM (WIGOS)---Background WMO Global Observing Systems Ø Global Observing Systems (WWW/GOS) Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø RBSN, RBCN (>10, 000 stations, 1, 000 upper-air) AMDAR (39754/day) Ship & Marine obs (30417/day) Surface-based remote sensing Meso-scale networks WMO Space Programme Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) World Hydrological Cycle Observing System (WHYCOS) WMO Co-sponsored Observing Systems Ø GCOS, GOOS, GTOS

p WMO Cg-16 (2011) decisions to Implement WMO INTEGRATED GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM (WIGOS) The key word is Integration: promote synergy among systems The whole is more than the sum of the parts--Aristotle Need an Integrated Global Observing System to meet all requirements in a cost – effective manner

Latest Major Decisions on WIGOS EC-64 (June 2012): Approved WIGOS Implementation Plan Extraordinary Congress: WIGOS will contribute to Observations and Monitoring Pillar of GFCS 12/4/2020 5

KEY ACTIVITY AREAS FOR WIGOS IMPLEMENTATION 1. Management of WIGOS implementation (EC, RAs, TCs, ICG) 2. Collaboration with WMO and co-sponsored observing systems (inclu. Space agencies & satellite operators) 3. Design, planning and optimized evolution 4. Integrated Observing System operation and maintenance 5. Integrated Quality Management 6. Standardization, system interoperability and data compatibility 7. The WIGOS Operational Information Resource 8. Data and metadata management, delivery and archival 9. Capacity development 6 10. Communication and outreach

How WIGOS contribute to GFCS ? Observing the Earth as a Complex System • WMO systems collaboration Surface Winds Precipitation Reflection and Transmission Evaporation Transpiration Surface Temperature (WIGOS oversight board within WMO) Land Atmosphere • Collaboration with space community • Collaboration with GCOS, GOOS, GTOS, GEO Infiltration Runoff Nutrient Loading Surface Temperature Currents Ocean Circulation Surface Winds Precipitation Reflection and Transmission Surface Temperature Evaporation Currents Upwelling

WIGOS Framework Implementation Plan Key Activity Areas for WIGOS Implementation 2. Collaboration with WMO and co-sponsored OSs Develop guidance, mechanisms and 2014 procedures for engagement coordination and collaboration with partner organizations ICG-WIGOS Partners Develop the Architecture for Climate Monitoring from Space (ACMS) focusing on GFCS four priorities 2013 -2015 CGMS CEOS CBS, WMOSP Examine and recommend areas where closer regional cooperation and coordination would be beneficial 2012 -2015 Satellite user conferences Establish closer collaboration at the national level, within NMHS, with other government agencies, and with potential external data providers 2012 -2014 Members RAs • EUMESAT • Asia/oceania, • NOAA

WIGOS Framework Implementation Plan Key Activity Areas for WIGOS Implementation 3. Design, planning and optimized evolution Complete RRR practices, procedures, responsibilities and mechanisms for all systems and agreed app. areas 2013 -2014 CBS Other TCs Define GFCS new requirements Develop procedures for and carry out a design for WIGOS at the global scale 2012 -2015 planning and optimizing space constellations Evolve and implement OSs in Regions following the technical guidance of TCs as represented in the EGOS-IP and other observation system implementation plans 2013 -2015 WMO Regional Associations: Regional satellite data and products requirements

WMO Rolling Requirements Review process Requirements Gap Analysis on observations Derived variables Performances Space and groundbased instruments “Statement of Guidance” and Implementation Plan for observing capabilities (Actions, Recommen d) Members’ organizations and programmes Dr. W. Zhang, WMO Presentation @ 9 th European Space Weather Week, 10 Brussels 10

VISION FOR THE GOS IN 2025 • Integration – The GOS will have evolved to become part of the WIGOS, which will integrate current GOS functionalities, which are intended primarily to support operational weather forecasting, with those of other applications: • • • climate monitoring, oceanography, atmospheric composition, hydrology, and weather and climate research;

VISION FOR THE GOS IN 2025 • Integration – Integration will be developed through the analysis of requirements and, where appropriate, through sharing observational infrastructure, platforms and sensors, across systems and with WMO Members and other partners; – Surface and space-based observing systems will be planned in a coordinated manner to cost effectively serve variety of user needs with appropriate spatial and temporal resolutions.

Observational Requirements under WIGOS Framework Inclusion requirements of – Weather, DRR – Climate (GFCS, GAW. . ), – Water (WHYCOS, . . ) – Environment (GAW, Health) – Co-sponsored observing systems WIGOS Space component • From weather satellite to WIGOS space component • CGMS new baseline with greatly enhanced global satellite constellations to meet WWW, GFCS, GAW, WHYCOS, GCW etc. . Operational requirements. • Challenges to enhance greatly space and ground capabilities

WIGOS Framework Implementation Plan; Key Activity Areas WMO OMM 1. Management of WIGOS implementation Develop, revise and update WMO Regulatory Material (Technical Regulations) Cg-17 (2015) ICG-WIGOS Incorporate WIGOS into structures and procedures of TCs and RAs 2012 -2014 TCs RAs ICG-WIGOS Provide annual reports and recommendations to EC & Cg EC-65 EC-66 Cg-17 Develop Regional WIGOS Plans 2012 -2013 RAs ICG-WIGOS

WMO OMM Res. 11. 3/1 (Cg-XVI) -IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WMO INTEGRATED GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM (WIGOS) • Decides to implement WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) during 2012 -2015 as one of the major efforts of WMO; • Requests The Executive Council to: • Monitor, guide & support the implementation of WIGOS; • Establish an Inter-Commission Coordination Group on WIGOS (ICG -WIGOS); 15

Three Legal Governance Pillars of WMO Since 1951, WMO Cg-I

Manage WIGOS Implementation through Integrated TR ---Setting WIGOS Regulations and Standards ---Promote recommended to standard practices and procedures engage all observing Update WMO Technical Regulations: systems Standard practices and procedures Recommended practices and procedures necessary for Members to follow or implement desirable for Members to follow or implement distinguished by the use of the term shall distinguished by the use of the term should status of requirements status of recommendations defined in a technical resolution Members shall do their utmost to implement Members urged to comply with Article 9(b) of the Convention is applicable Article 9(b) of the Convention is not applicable Members shall inform SG of inability or impracticability of implementation No requirement GR 128 is applicable GR 128 is not applicable

Example: Revision of WMO Technical Regulations (Manual, etc) --WIGOS Space component Current version • • 2. 1. 2 Missions The satellites should be equipped at a minimum to provide the following missions: (a) Imagery and sounding missions: satellites should be equipped to provide characteristics meeting user requirements to the greatest extent possible, independently or in conjunction with surface-based observations, quantitative data and qualitative information to enable determination of: – (i) Fields of atmospheric temperature and humidity; – (ii) Temperatures of sea and land surfaces; – (iii) Wind fields at the surface and aloft; – (iv) Cloud amount, cloud type, cloud top height and temperature, and cloud water content; – (v) Precipitation; – (vi) Snow and ice cover; – (vii) Total column ozone; – (viii) Vegetation cover; – (ix) Radiation balance data. Possible revised version • 2. 1. 2 Missions The satellites should be equipped at a minimum to provide the following missions: (a) Imagery and sounding missions: satellites should be equipped to provide characteristics meeting user requirements to the greatest extent possible, independently or integration with surface-based observations, data, products and information to enable determination of: • (i) Fields of atmosphere: mainly: – Temperature, humidity – Greenhouse gases, total ozone and ozone profile, reactive gases – Wind fields at the surface and aloft; – Cloud amount, type, top height and temperature, and cloud water content; – Precipitation, including chemical composition of precipitation; – Earth radiation balance data • (ii) Surface variables: mainly – Temperatures of sea and land surfaces; different level of sub-surface – Snow and ice cover, including ocean, polar regions and cryosphere; – Soil moisture, hydrological variables – Flooding areas, fires, Vegetation cover;

Conclusion remark WMO OMM • Benefits of WIGOS – – Enhanced Members’ ability to meet expanding national mandates and achieve higher national and international visibility –including space agencies; WIGOS provides a framework for improved collaboration and coordination within and beyond WMO; • WIGOS is both: challenges and opportunities for building up synergies among us, a winwin strategy for our future Thanks for your attention !! 12/4/2020 19

WMO OMM WMO Cg-16 (2011) Decisions on Five Key Priorities for 2012 -2015 ü Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) ü WMO Integrated Global Observing System/WMO Information System (WIGOS/WIS) ü Capacity building ü Disaster Risk Reduction ü Aeronautical meteorology 20

Credit of WMO: Great advances in Weather Forecasts with great CGMS contributions: WMO OMM Continue of success: in the Realm of Climate Services need even greater support from all WMO Members and Technical Commissions

WIGOS: http: //www. wmo. int/pages/prog/www/wigos/index_en. html WMO OMM Merci Thank you ﺷﻜﺮﺍ Gracias �� Спасибо

knowledge Variables products data • WIGOS will enhance developing valueadded products and make them available to worldwide users for promoting satellite products utilization Investment in Science and technology for quality products and utilizations

WIGOS Framework Implementation Plan v. 1. 0 Key Activity Areas for WIGOS Implementation 5. Integrated quality management WMO OMM Develop WIGOS Quality Management guidance, mechanism, practices and procedures to include monitoring 2014 -15 Contributions from CGMS members Examination of current quality management practices being used by WMO observing programmes. 2014 -15 Satellite products quality improvement strategy-HLPP

Ensure the quality of the observations from space meet GFCS requirements WMO OMM Accuracy, Precision Representativeness Measurement traceability Long-time series stability Reducing uncertainty ……

WMO OMM Global Space-based Inter-calibration System (GSICS) CMA-CNES-EUMETSAT-IMD-ISRO-JAXA-JMA-KMA-NOAA-NASA-NIST-Roshydromet-USGS-WMO LEO-LEO intercalibration • Routine IR inter-calibration against IASI and AIRS on simultaneous overpass • VIS and MW calibration under development GEO versus LEO More on: http: //gsics. wmo. int Training event, Jincheon, Republic of Korea, October 2012 26

WIGOS: OPERATIONAL CYCLE User Consultation Rolling Review of Requirements Performance Monitoring & QC Data for Applications Data Dissemination and Storage Design and Planning Operation & Maintenance Implementation

WIGOS: KEY OPERATIONAL FEATURES Strategic Integration Multi-purpose Observations Global Standardization & Consult Users Measurement Traceability Mo ni to QC ring R ign Des lan P and Data and Metadata Discoverability, Accessibility, Recoverablilty (DAR) RR Data for Applications D an ata d Di St ss or em ag e Operate & Maintain em pl t en Interoperability Compatability Im Spectrum Management Agreed Observations Practices

WMO OMM Res. 2/2 (EC-LXIII) - INTER-COMMISSION COORDINATION GROUP ON THE WMO INTEGRATED GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM (ICG-WIGOS) • Decides: To establish an Inter-Commission Coordination Group on the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (ICG-WIGOS) – Three EC Focal Points on ICG-WIGOS • Dr MOURA, PR of Brail, WMO first vice-president • Mr ČAČIĆ, PR of Croatia, President of RA VI • Mr SUTHERLAND, PR of Caribbean Met. Organization – Chair, Mr Branski, CBS President, at last CBS he delegated to VP of CBS, Sue • Members are Representatives from all WMO Technical Commissions and Regional Associations – Three Task Teams: • Task Team on WIGOS Implementation Plan (TT-WIP) • Task Team on WIGOS Metadata (TT-WMD) • Task Team on WIGOS Regulatory Material (TT-WRM) – In addition to ICG activities, 12/4/2020 29

Processes to translate Services requirements into Observational specifications WMO OMM Service requirements: Content, Presentation, Delivery media, Timeliness, Continuity, User support, Training, . . USERS’ satisfaction USERS’ needs Services Product requirements: Type (numerical, graphical, binary, alert), Algorithm, Spatial/temporal resolution, Quality control Observational requirements: Geophysical variable, Unit, Domain, Spatial resolution, Temporal resolution, Uncertainty … Products Observation & Monitoring Specifications: Instrument type, Orbit, Scanning mode, Spectral bands, Channel width, SNR, … Instruments Datasets Source, Format, Projection, Segmentation, Quality flag, Compression, Metadata…

WIGOS Framework Implementation Plan v. 1. 0 Key Activity Areas for WIGOS Implementation 6. Standardization, system interoperability and data compatibility WMO OMM Develop guidance for WIGOS standards and 2013 -2015 Contribution document the implemented standards, from CGMS including best practices, procedures on members with instruments, methods of observations, data satellite products, etc. systems, data and products standards Develop and maintain the Standardization, Operational and RRR databases. Cg-17 ICG-WIGOS

7. WIGOS information resource WMO OMM Design and develop the WGOS Information Resource 2013 -2015 Secretariat supported by space agencies for the initial development Satellite products database from CGMS members Investigate the need for a database describing the Global Observations Products (Satellite Data and products are key parts) Survey WMO Members on what they could offer to support development and operations of WIGOS Information Resource 2012 WIGOS PO Collect, maintain and provide the metadata required by WIGOS support tools Cg-17 CGMS members

WMO OMM Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review (OSCAR) concept s o / t n i. o m w. w ww car 33

Review of a capability: IR sounding from LEO WMO OMM PM Gap in early morning AM 34

8. Data and Metadata management, discovery, delivery WMO OMM and archival Develop WIGOS metadata standards and guidance practices for maintenance of and access to WIGOS metadata 2013 -2015 Metadata on Satellite platform, instruments, operation, data, products, etc To initiate and develop a mechanism and outreach strategy for the integration of relevant observation data and associated metadata. 2012 -2013 ICG-WIGOS Outreach activities targeting more observational data available through WIS 2014 -2015 Members (support from WIGOS PO)

WMO OMM WIGOS Metadata will enhance climate products generation: Orbital drift is most pronounced for afternoon satellites; NOAA - 7, 9, 11, 14. From Grody Eumetsat Conference, Darmstadt 2008