WORLD HISTORY Unit 2 Late Modern Euro History

WORLD HISTORY Unit #2 – Late Modern Euro History Lesson #202 Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution This phenomena marks the turning point and start of a long and exciting technology explosion… Name modern technology that did not exist prior to 1800 (French Revolution) Does this revolution really matter?

REASON INDUST. REV. MATTERS: 1. ALL societies today are measured by this level of advancement ex: Is it an “industrial nation”? WHY? WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? 2. It transitioned Europeans off the farm 50% mark – measurement of society 3. Propelled Europe to be most technologically advanced region in the world Inventions began coming FAST DOES THIS MEAN THEY ARE DESTINED TO CONTROL THE WORLD POPULATION? 4. Consumer Revolution: we became a consumerdriven society / capitalism for masses began (the basis of our current wealth and power) WHAT NEEDS TO HAPPEN FOR OUR WHOLE SOCIETY (ALL LEVELS OF WEALTH) TO BECOME A CONSUMER SOCIETY? 3

REASON INDUST. REV. MATTERS: 1. ALL societies today are measured by this level of sophistication ex: Is it an “industrial nation”? INDUSTRIAL NATION NON-INDUSTRIAL NATION 4

REASON INDUST. REV. MATTERS: 2. It transitioned Europeans off the farm Or… 5

REASON INDUST. REV. MATTERS: 2. It transitioned Europeans on the farm onto machinery (instead of hand labor) 6

REASON INDUST. REV. MATTERS: 3. Inventions began coming FAST this propelled Europe to be most technologically advanced region in the world 7

REASON INDUST. REV. MATTERS: 4. Consumer attitude began (the basis of our current wealth and power) 8

REASON INDUST. REV. MATTERS: 4. Consumer attitude / capitalism for masses began (the basis of our current wealth and power) 9

Each group gets one “reason” to reduce the issue to a picture to represent the whole idea… Find a picture that represents your “reason” and send to me or share with me (djacoby@crsd. org) Goal: try to make it a silly pic

So… why does this matter? 11

Change will come FAST… The top 10 in-demand jobs in 2010 didn’t even exist in 2004.

As a student, you’re currently prepareing for jobs that don’t yet exist. . .

using technologies that haven’t been invented. . .

in order to solve problems we don’t even know are problems yet. David Warlick – Connect Learning blog

How do we DO that? !

Name this country. . .

• Richest in the World • Largest Military • Center of world business and finance • Strongest education system • World center of innovation and invention • Their currency is the world standard of value • Highest standard of living

It was… Spain in 1600 France in 1700 Britain in 1800 Germany in 1900

What happened to them? ! 20

Spain in 1600 Defeated by France in 1648 France in 1700 Defeated by Britain in 1767 Britain in 1800 Surpassed by Germany in 1890 Germany in 1900 Nearly defeated by Germany in 1918 and 1941 Destroyed by USA and USSR in 1945

Do you perceive a trend?

How fast are we learning new information, compared to in the past?

It’s estimated that 1. 5 exabytes (that’s 1. 5 x 1018) of unique new information will be generated worldwide this year.

That’s estimated to be more information than in the previous 5, 000 years COMBINED.

The amount of new technical information has been doubling every 2 years.

What does that mean for your education?

That means for students starting a four-year technical or college degree. . .

… finish that sentence…

…half of what you learn in their first year of study will be outdated by their third year of study.

It’s predicted to double every 72 hours in the next decade.

Predictions are that within the next year, a “supercomputer” will be built that exceeds the computation capability of the Human Brain. . .

By 2023, a $1, 000 computer will exceed the capabilities of the Human Brain. . .

Predictions are that by 2049 a $1, 000 computer will exceed the computational capabilities of the ENTIRE human race.

So, if I asked you “is the Industrial Revolution” and all its change important… 35

Thoughts? . . . 36

Improved Farming techniques 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Small farms combined ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT Invention of Seed Drill More food Fewer infant deaths More babies grow to have kids of their own Population explosion Fewer farmers needed – mass unemployed farmers click 37

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Beginnings of the Factory System 1. First factories produced clothing 2. TEXTILE INDUSTRY 3. factories learned to spin thread or weave cloth faster 4. Clothing made cheaper 5. More people could afford more clothing 6. FACTORY SYSTEM is where machines and people work together to produce 7. Steam power made even faster 39

Spinning Jenny click 40

Spinning Jenny Perfected by 1764 by James Hargreaves Spun 8 spindles at a time Patented with 16 spools in 1770 Increased to 120 when tied into water power Hargreaves was a poor weaver One day, his daughter knocked over his spinning wheel He watched the wheel continue to spin Conceived the idea to spin lots of wheels at once Connected 8 spindles to one wheel and hooked up a crank Ended up naming it after that clumsy daughter

Steam Engine (James Watt) click 42

Water Frame Arkwright attached water wheel to Spinning Jenny Provided power and speed No linen needed for strength Pulled textiles into factories Cotton production exploded 800% 1780 -1800 By 1830, represented 50% of British exports VERY GOOD 3 m descr of Ind Rev & factory

Steam Engine Thomas Newcomen (1777) For pumping water out of mines Heavy and immobile, and not real efficient 2 m descr of steam engine James Watt (1777) Smaller More efficient https: //www. youtube. com/ watch? v=s. Wppm. WCW 0 Qw 22 m descr of steam application 1 m model of Newcomen’s machine

Britain was first to Industrialize 1. 2. 3. 4. Built a network of roads and canals Britain has large deposits of iron and coal Britain was already a commercial power Britain had just gone through Agricultural Revolution 1. Had lots of cheap labor 2. Had healthy and stable population 45

Changing patterns of Life 1. People moved from farms to cities 2. Millions of farmers no longer needed on farms 3. New social structure emerged a new lower class – unskilled factory workers a new middle class –factory owners 4. Factories were dangerous and miserable 5. But, goods became cheaper and so… more people had some surplus $$ and… they could now purchase new goods 46

Conditions in factories (and mines) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Conditions were HORRIBLE Long hours 13 -16 hours EVERY DAY Dark and unhealthy air Machines not safe Mines were worse! Unions illegal 47

Worker Conditions https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=3 MZMo. Vn. O 02 Y 2 m descr of child labor http: //www. history. com/topics/industrial-revolution/videos/industrial-revolution

Demands for Reform 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. British government passed laws FACTORY ACT OF 1834 Kids not allowed to work before a certain age Schools provided instead Unions eventually allowed Conditions improved The reformers were called SOCIALISTS 49

Living Conditions in Indust. Rev. • Factories pulled huge numbers of people to one location • Homes were cramped and crowded • Homes were dirty • Lacked plumbing and fresh water • Cities were horribly dirty • Roads were narrow • Getting anywhere took forever 50

Growth of Democracy 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Right to vote (franchise) Only for the wealthiest As Middle Class grew in size and influence They demanded the right to vote GREAT REFORM BILL OF 1832 Workers demanded right to vote By 1867 – all men allowed to vote Women allowed in 1918 53

New Ideas about Society 1. Workers treated as machines 2. Karl Marx said, this makes them PROLETARIAT 3. Proletariat will protest 4. Proletariat will eventually overthrow factory owners 5. Create a classless society 6. Everyone is equal 54

Failure of Marxism 1. Marx believed Proletariat was destined to overpower owners 2. And create a new society 3. He called his system “communism” 4. (based on communal property) 5. But, socialists scored government laws 6. Working conditions improved 7. Marx prediction did not come true 55

And… for tomorrow… 56

New Political Ideas • • • Conservatism Liberalism Socialism Industrialization Marxism WHAT IS THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT, WHEN IT COMES TO FACTORIES AND WORKERS? 57

Conservatism • This was the “old” belief structure • It supported Kings and Nobles having control • Hobbes had said you need a powerful leader with complete control • Otherwise… • Man would kill other men… 58

Liberalism • Liberalism was the new idea of the new and growing Middle Class • These men were “self made” • And, they expected to have laws protecting what they created (their factories) • LAISSEZ FAIRE • They believed the workers chose to be just workers 59

Socialism • Socialists expected governments to protect the workers • They saw factory owners treating people like machines • And thought that was unfair • And wanted government to force businesses to protect the workers 60

Liberalism vs. Socialism Describe why each was “right. ” LIBERALISM SOCIALISM • Should businesses be allowed to treat workers however they want, to maximize profits? • Should government force businesses to pay a “fair wage, ” and provide benefits? 61