World History SOL Review Day 3 World War

World History SOL Review Day 3

World War I • Causes European Nations building up their armies before World War I Military Alliances Imperialism Nationalism Secret Alliance between nations. Didn’t think that they would ever be call up for a war European nations in competitions over colonies Pride in one’s nations. We’re the Best!

The Spark • Assassination of Austria’s Archduke

Major Events • United States entering the War • Russia Leaves the War – Why does Russia leave the War early? • What are the significances of these events?

Major Leaders • Woodrow Wilson – Fourteen points – Paris Peace talks • Kaiser Wilhelm II – Wanted to show powerful Germany was – Wanted to build an Empire – Alliance with Austria. Hungary

Outcomes of WWI • What were the outcomes and global effects of WWI? – Colonies participation in the war, which increased demand for independence – End of the Russian Imperial Family, Ottoman empire, German and Austro-Hungarian empires. – Enormous cost of the war in lives, property and social disruption

Treaty of Versailles • Forced Germany to accept responsibility for war and loss territory to pay reparations • Limited the German military • League of Nations Reparations: compensation in money, payable by a defeated country to another country or to an individual for loss suffered during or as a result of war. That’s my idea!

Russian Revolution 1917 • Causes • Rise of Communism – Lenin’s Rule: • New Economic Policy Stalin – Government controlled major industries, banks and communication – But is allow some private ownership and allowed peasants to sell their surplus. – Stalin became Lenin’s successor Lenin

End of WWI League of Nations • Established to prevent future wars • Weakness: • Did not have the power to enforce its decision The Mandate system • During World War I, Great Britain and France agreed to divide large portions of the Ottoman Empire in the Middes east between themselves

The Great Depression • Impact of the Worldwide Depression – High unemployment in industrial countries – Bank failures and collapse of credit – Collapse of prices in world trade – Nazi Party’s growing importance in Germany; Nazi Party’s blame of European Jews for economic collapse

Dictators

Dictators • Why did Dictators emerge in Germany, Italy, Japan and the USSR after WWI? • How did these regimes affect the world following WWI?

World War II • Economic and political causes of WWII – Aggression by toleration states: Germany, Italy and Japan – Appeasement The making of concessions to an aggressor in order to avoid war – Examples: Write in your own words • Hitler’s want of Rhineland

Major Events • Battle of Britain: Bombardment of Britain's “lighting War” a form of warfare in cities by the Germans. which surprise attacks with fast-moving • Germans invasion of Russia. airplanes are followed by massive attacks with infantry forces • Blitz • Total War A Conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

Outcome • United Nations • Marshall Plan: A US program of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after WWII

Holocaust and Genocide • Genocide: The systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious or cultural group

Reconstruction Germany Japan • Democratic government installed in West Germany and West Berlin. • Germany and Berlin divided Emergence of West Germany as economic power in post war Europe • United States occupation of japan under Mac. Arthur's administration • Democracy and economic developments • Elimination of Japan’s military offensive capabilities • Japan economy emerges as dominant in Asia

The Cold War • Yalta Conference – Meeting after WWII – Begins rivalry between US and USSR – Goals were to • Promote peace • Provide emergency relief • Help interim government

Matching of Cold War Events

Collapse of the Soviet Union • Soviet economic collapse forced them to pull their military out of Eastern Europe

Containment • A policy for preventing the expansion of communism

Conflicts in China • Civil War between Communist and Nationalist • The nationalist fled to Taiwan at the end of the civil war. – Led by Chiang Kai-shek – Established nationalist China in Taiwan • The Communist established a communist China on the main land – Led by Mao Tse-Tung (Mao Zedong) – Communist China participated in the Korean War

Vietnam • Vietnam as a colony – French did not want to give up Vietnam – As a colony, the Vietnam had little involvement in government. • Ho Chi Minh – Leader of the Communist party – Later ruled North Vietnam

Policy of Containment • Former colony of Vietnam is divided between North and South. • Communist in the North (independent) and South non-communist supported by the United States. – Domino theory (President Eisenhower)

War Break outs • Vietcong- Communist guerillas fighters in the south begin to gain strength • Containment

Indian Independence

Characteristic of African Independents • Right to self-determination (UN Charter) • Some Peaceful , some violent • Pride in African Culture and Heritage • Resentment of Imperial Rule and economic explorations

Middle East Independence

Ethnic conflicts • Balkins: – Yugoslavia falls apart • Made up of several different groups: Serbs, Croats, Muslims, Slovenes, Macedonians and Montenegrins • Josip Tito held Yugoslavia together till he died • Ethnic conflicts boiled over • Slovenia and Croatia-declared independence- Serb-yugoslav invaded both republic. • Ethnic cleansing of Bosnia Muslim population

Rwanda • Ethnic Cleansing – During the Rwanda Revolution. The Hutu killed the Tutsi (Tribe clans) – During Belgium colonization: divided the Hutu and Tutsi – Belgium promoted Tutsi supremacy. Each person had a ID card. Prevented movement between social class