World History NDP Mr Shuler Topics in Todays

World History (NDP), Mr. Shuler Topics in Today's World #3: Terrorism & 9/11 Key Terms: 9/11, Osama bin Laden, Patriot Act, terrorism, Oklahoma City Bombing

September 11, 2001, was a beautiful, ordinary day

AA 11 (BOS-LAX) hits North Tower at 8: 46 am

17 mins later, UA 175 (BOS-LAX) hits South Tower

34 mins later, AA 77 (IAD-LAX) hits Pentagon

23 mins later, UA 93 (EWR-SFO) crashes

23 mins later, UA 93 (EWR-SFO) crashes

Who caused this attack on the U. S. homeland? 19 hijackers had trained in Hamburg, Germany; Chechnya; Lakeland, Florida; and Mesa, Arizona.

Closing of all U. S. airspace The pilots of thousands of active flights across the United States were ordered to land at the nearest airport. 226 flights inbound from Europe landed in Canada.

South Tower collapses less than an hour after hit

The North Tower collapses soon afterward

Father Michael Judge

2, 997 lives lost Nearly all of the victims were civilians. The clean-up took 10 years. To this day, some New Yorkers suffer from respiratory complications

THE RESPONSE— “EVERYTHING IS DIFFERENT NOW”

The USA Patriot Act • Acronym for “Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001” • This legislation allowed the government to: – detain foreigners suspected of terrorism for seven days without charging them with a crime – tap all phones used by suspects and monitor their e-mail and internet use – make search warrants valid across all states – order U. S. banks to investigate sources of large foreign accounts. – prosecute terrorist crimes without any time restrictions or limitations. • Critics allege these measures violate civil rights.

War as a Response • Al-Qaeda (“the base”) focused on international “jihad” – hosted by the Taliban (“the students [of shari’a]”), who were focused on ruling Afghanistan in accord with their Islam • So the United States attacked Afghanistan and then Iraq… telling everyone else, you’re either with us or against us.

6, 861 U. S. soldiers have paid the ultimate price in Afghanistan and Iraq. A million more were wounded. Estimated cost: $6 trillion.

Osama bin Laden evaded capture for almost 10 years… but slowly captured al. Qaeda members reveal intelligence (image: CIA aerial view of the bin Laden compound

Newspaper Headlines: 2 May 2011

Key Questions • What is terrorism? • Why would a group adopt it? What groups might find it attractive? • How dangerous is terrorism to modern Americans? • What was the second most deadly terrorist attack on American soil? Who carried it out?

Terrorism ≠ Islam • Terrorism is the refugee of desperate people who do not have a conventional army • It is the radical fringe of normal religions and political movements, often fighting for great ideas like freedom • Not just Muslims, although radical Islamic groups are a major worry – Oklahoma City Bombing (domestic conservative): 168 dead – Irish Republican Army (Catholics)

What is terrorism? • The use of violence against people or property to force changes in societies or governments by striking fear in the heart of people. It is used by individuals, groups or governments to achieve political or social goals. • Targets people in places where they should feel safe or national symbols • More than 14, 000 terrorist attacks in the world since the 1960 s. • Ranges from bombs killing dozens of innocents to vandalizing SUVs to “fight” global warming