World History II SOL Review Scientific Revolution Enlightenment

World History II SOL Review Scientific Revolution Enlightenment

Scientific Revolution n Emphasis on reason and systematic observation of nature Formulation of the scientific method Expansion of scientific knowledge

Scientists n n Copernicus – heliocentric theory Kepler – planetary motion (planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits) Galileo – used telescope to support the heliocentric theory Harvey – circulation of blood

Absolutism n n Definition – a monarch who has complete control over the country and people (centralization of power) + divine right (power to rule comes from God) Peter the Great – westernization of Russia Louis XIV – Palace of Versailles (symbol of royal power)/Sun King Frederick the Great – military power

Enlightenment n n Definition – applied reason to the human world, not just the natural world Results – stimulated religious tolerance + fueled democratic revolutions around the world (American Revolution, French Revolution, and Latin American Revolutions)

Thomas Hobbes n n n Wrote Leviathan State of nature – people are evil Social Contract – people give up nature and form governments to control them (absolute monarchs)

John Locke n n Wrote Two Treatises on Government Power to rule comes from the people Monarchs are not chosen by God Social Contract – people form governments to protect their rights (life, liberty, and property)

Montesquieu n n n Wrote The Spirit of the Laws Separation of powers Checks and balances

Rousseau n n n Wrote The Social Contract Government is a contract between people and rulers General Will – majority rules

Voltaire n n Separation of church and state Freedom of speech