World History II SOL Review Day 2 WHII

World History II SOL Review Day 2

WHII 6 a Scientific Revolution • What effects did the Scientific revolution have in the study and practice of Science? – Emphasis on reason and systematic observation of nature – Formulation of scientific method – Expansion of scientific knowledge

Scientific Revolution Nicolaus Copernic Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei Isaac Newton William Harvey

Age of Absolutism • What are the Characteristic of Absolute monarchies? – Centralization of power – Concept of rule by divine right • What is divine right? – The belief that their power comes from God

WHII 6 b Examples of Absolute Monarchies • France: Louis XIV – Built the Palace of Versailles as a symbol of royal power. – Known as the Sun King • Prussia: Frederick the Great – Builds a large army • Russia: Peter the Great of Russia – Westernization of Russia – Built St Petersburg ( warm water port)

Lets read over English civil War and Glorious Revolution Chart

English Civil War and Glorious Revolution • Discussion Question: – How did the English civil War and the Glorious Revolution promote the developments of the rights of the English man?

Enlightenment Thomas Hobbes Liviathan John Locke Two Treatises People are sovereign and constant to on Government government for protection of natural rights to life, liberty and property Montesquieu Jean-Jacques Rousseau The Spirit of the Laws The Social Contract The best form of government includes a separation of powers. Government is a contract between rulers and the people Voltaire Candide Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism; separation of church and state. Human exist in a primitive “State of nature” and content government for self-protection

Enlightenment • Applied reason to the Human world, as well as to the rest of the natural world • Stimulated religious tolerance • Fueled democratic revolutions around the world • Influence of the Enlightenment – Fueled the revolution in the Americas and France – Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence incorporated Enlightenment ideas – The Constitution and the Bill of rights also included ideas from the Enlightenment

French Revolution • What were the causes Enlightenment Ideas of the French • Freedom of religion and speech • Government of the people Revolution? – Enlightenment Ideas – Influence of the American Revolution – Social Injustice – Dislike of Monarchy Social in Justice Treatment of the Third Estate (peasants) Dislike of Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette

French Revolution • Events What is this? Guillotine – Storming of the Bastille – Reign of Terror • Reign of Terror led by Robespierre • Louis and Marie Antoinette executed • Thousands killed who were possible against the revolution • Reign of Terror Ends when Robespierre is beheaded

French Revolution • Outcomes of the French Revolution – End of absolute monarchy of Louis XVI – Rise Napoleon – Napoleon builds a French Empire in Europe. – Influences Latin American Revolutions http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v= 8 g. C 00 av. ITj 0&safety_mode=true&per sist_safety_mode=1&safe=active Who Am I?

Age of Reason • Painting depicted classical subjects, public events, natural people (portraits) • New forms of Literature evolved, such as the Novel

New Technologies • All-weather roads improved year-round transportation • New designs in farm tools increased productivity (agricultural revolution) • Improvements in ship design lowered the cost of transportation See how the road is elevated and slopped to water can easily run off. Less likely to get puddles!

QUIZ TIME

Question 1 • John Locke is closely associated with which belief? a. Absolute monarchs are the best form of government b. The church should always be obeyed regardless of its message c. The government should be a contract made by the people d. The people never have a right to revolt against the government

Question 2 • Johannes Kepler is known as a pioneer of the Scientific Revolution for his a. Development of the heliocentric theory b. Formation of the law of gravity c. Use of the telescope to support the heliocentric theory d. Discovery of planetary motion

Question 3 • Peter the Great was a monarch of a. b. c. d. France England Prussia Russia

Question 4 • The principle that government derives power from the consent of the governed is represented through a. b. c. d. Communism Democracy Socialism Oligarchy

Question 5 • The development of the rights of Englishman included a. b. c. d. An increase in royal power The end of political factions The rise of power of Charles I The establishment of common law

Question 6 • The Enlightenment thinker who wrote The Social Contract was: a. b. c. d. Voltaire John Locke Jean-Jacques Rousseau Montesquieu

Question 7 • Which was NOT an application of Enlightenment thinking? a. Reason was applied to the human world, not just the natural world b. Religious tolerance was encouraged c. The Scientific Revolution was begun d. Democratic revolutions around the world were fueled

Question 8 • The first reigning monarch to face a public trial and execution was a. b. c. d. James I Charles II Henry VIII Charles I

Question 9 • The Separations of powers found in the United States Constitution comes from the writing of which Enlightenment thinker? a. b. c. d. Hobbes Locke Montesquieu Voltaire

Question 10 • The reign of which monarch gave England its first constitutional monarchy? a. b. c. d. Charles II James II Mary II Elizabeth I

Latin American and Revolutions Colonial governments mirrored the home governments A major element of the economies was mining of precious metals Catholicism had a strong influence on the developments of colonies

Label the South America Cities

Latin America Viceroys/ colonial officers Creoles ** Majority of Revolutions will be lead by this group** Mestizos

Latin American Revolutions • Haiti • Lead by former slave Toussaint L ‘Ouverture – Slave rebellion – Wins independence after beating three armies: Spain, France and Britain

Latin American Revolution • Mexico: – Father Miguel Hidalgo started the Mexican independence movement • Believed in enlightenment ideas – Creoles become armed and raise army to put down Hidalgo and rally around Jose Maria Morelos who leads independence movement

Latin American Revolutions • Following Countries gained independence: – Mexico – Haiti – Colombia – Venezuela – Brazil*** what special about brazil independence?

Latin American Revolutions • Simon Bolivar – Native Venezuelan Creole who led revolutionary efforts – Liberated northern areas of Latin America • Venezuela • Colombia • Ecuador I tried to combined them all together in one state called Grand Colombia!

Monroe Doctrine • Define: US policy of opposition to European interference in Latin America, announced by President James Monroe in 1823 y in r ou • Latin American nations were acknowledged to be independent i r W t i te n ow o w ! s rd

QUIZ

Question 1 • Who led a successful revolution in Haiti to free Haitians from French rule? a. b. c. d. Toussaint L’Ouverture Simón Bolivar Napoleon Bonaparte Jose de San Martin

Question 2 • Who led a successful revolution in the northern area of South America, eventually having a country named after him? a. b. c. d. Toussaint L’Ouverture Simón Bolivar Napoleon Bonaparte Father Miguel Hidalgo

Question 3 • Viceroys were a. b. c. d. religious officials. priests. explorers. colonial officials.

Question 4 • Which nation claimed the region extending from Mexico through South America? a. b. c. d. France Spain Portugal The Netherlands

Question 5 • The European colonies in the Americas a. established new and independent cultures and social patterns. b. followed the cultural and social patterns of the indigenous peoples. c. imitated the cultures and social patterns of their parent countries. d. established a unified cultural and social pattern for all to follow.

Question 6 • The United States issued the Monroe Doctrine because a. there was conflict over who would control Latin America. b. American merchants had found rich markets in Africa. c. the United States opposed the Spanish king. d. the United States wanted colonies in South America.

Question 7 • The country located at number 1 on the map above is a. b. c. d. Mexico. Columbia. Venezuela. Brazil. 1

Question 8 • 8. Revolutions in Latin America were influenced by a. b. c. d. the Renaissance. the Crusades. the Civil War in Spain. the French Revolution.

Question 9 • Who started the Mexican independence movement? a. b. c. d. Father Miguel Hidalgo Simón Bolivar Jose de San Martin Toussaint L’Ouverture

Political and Philosophical Developments in Europe I’m grumpy The British beat • Legacy of Napoleon me at the battle of Waterloo – Creating an Empire • Unsuccessful attempt to unify • Growth of nationalism in occupied countries – Napoleonic code: • A uniform set of laws. Limited liberty and promoted order and authority over individual rights

1. 2. 3. 4. Congress of Vienna Make sure that no single nation would ever dominate Europe again “Balance of Power” There would be NO more Napoleons! Restoration of Monarchies New Political Map New Political philosophies Bring Back Monarchies that had excited before Napoleon’s conquest Legitimate monarchies would stabilize Return the territories that political relations among nations Liberalism- Believed in NEW ideas Napoleon had captured and make and Conservatism- believed in OLD ideas France the size it was before the empire

Nationalism • The belief that people should be loyal to their nation- to the people with whom they share a culture and history –rather than to a king or queen

Unification of Italy and Germany Italy- Count Cavour Germany- Otto von Bismarck I got help from Giuseppe Garibaldi who unified southern Italy Believed in Realpolitik: “ The politics of reality”- the practice of tough power politics without room for idealism

QUIZ

Question 1 • The Congress of Vienna a. b. c. d. supported Napoleon’s attempt to unify Europe. restored European monarchies. established democracies in Europe. reaffirmed the existing European political boundaries.

Question 2 • The unification of southern Italy was accomplished by a. b. c. d. Count Cavour. Bismarck. Giuseppe Garibaldi. Napoleon.

Question 3 • The Franco-Prussian War led to a. b. c. d. an independent France. an alliance between France and Prussia. the establishment of an independent Prussia. the creation of a German state.

Question 4 • What was the significance of the Code of Napoleon? a. It was the first European constitution. b. It was adopted by all European countries within ten years. c. It established a series of rights and laws that did not rely on earlier customs. d. It specified a return to a limited monarchy in France.

Question 5 • Attempting to restore Europe as it had been before the French Revolution and Napoleonic conquests, the Congress of Vienna left a legacy of two new political philosophies, liberalism and a. b. c. d. socialism. conservatism. imperialism. anarchism.

Question 6 • Otto von Bismarck coined this term to describe his political philosophy of “doing what works instead of what would be ideal. ” a. b. c. d. Zollverein Realpolitik Junker Mein

Question 7 • . The Congress of Vienna tried to accomplish all of the following tasks EXCEPT a. b. c. d. compensation for damages. restoring legitimate monarchs. restoring balance of power. returning Napoleon as leader.

Question 8 • What leader of the Congress of Vienna opposed the formation of a unified Italian state? a. b. c. d. Count Camillo de Cavour Otto von Bismarck Clemens von Metternich Giuseppe Garibaldi

Question 9 • The “red shirts” under Garibaldi defeated opponents using guerilla warfare, a military style best described as a. large groups of well armed men fighting in the open. b. a duel between commanders. c. small groups striking enemies unexpectedly. d. fighting in a jungle.

Industrial revolution Impact • Why it started in Britain Landowners forced small farmers to become tenant farmer of move to the cities looking for work – natural resources (coal, iron ore) and the invention/improvement of the steam engine – British enclosure movement British enclosures movement: Landowners discovered more productive farming methods to boost crop yields. Started buying land from village farmers and fencing off their land.

Industrial Revolution • Science and Medicine – Edward Jenner • Smallpox vaccination – Louis Pasteur • Discovery of Bacteria

Economic Developments Capitalism Communism Based of Adams Smith Based of Karl Marx works

Industrialization • Rise of Labor Unions – Encouraged worker-organized strikes to demand increased wages and improved working conditions – Lobbied for laws to improve the lives of workers, including women and children – Wanted workers’ rights and collective bargaining between labor and management

Imperialism • Causes – Nationalism – New Markets – Competition among European powers

Imperialism in Africa and Asia • China-limited access because of the Qing Dynasty • Suez Canal-built in Egypt to connect the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea – Received first help by France and later Britain • Japan was opened by Commander Matthew Perry

Responses of Colonized People • Armed Conflicts – Example : Boxer Rebellion in China – What was the Boxer Rebellion? • Rise of Nationalism – What event(s) increased the feeling of nationalism in colonies?

QUIZ

Question 1 • 1. Who developed the smallpox vaccination? –A –B –C –D James Watt Edward Jenner Louis Pasteur Henry Bessemer

Question 2 • The Industrial Revolution made an impact on the industrialized countries of the world by • A increasing the rural population. • B decreasing the population. • C improving transportation. • D causing worldwide depression.

Question 3 • Adam Smith, in his work Wealth of Nations, contributed to the development of capitalism by • A defending the idea of free markets. • B suggesting that government limit competition. • C promoting the benefits of communism. • D supporting theories of socialism.

Question 4 • The information in the box above represents the impact of • A Karl Marx. • B The British Enclosure Movement. • C Friedrich Engels. • D The Industrial Revolution. • Women and children entered the workplace as cheap labor. • Reforms were introduced to end child labor. • Women increased their demand for suffrage. • Harsh working conditions were commonplace.

Question 5 • • • A B C D The items in the box above are forms of democracies. communism. monarchies. • Colonies imperialism. • Protectorates • Spheres of influence

Question 6 • • • Which was NOT a reason for imperialism to develop? A Nationalism B Industrial Revolution C Religious fervor D Isolationism

Question 7 • In 1853, Matthew Perry used naval power to force Japan to • A trade with the U. S. • B end the opium trade. • C cut off trade with Europe. • D end colonization of Korea.

Question 8 • • • What German economist/philosopher is credited with the idea of communism? A Adam Smith B James Watt C Karl Marx D Adolf Hitler

Question 9 • According to communism, history is dominated by the struggle between what two groups? • A the bourgeoisie and the proletariat • B the bourgeoisie and the democrats • C the proletariat and the republicans • D the democrats and the republicans

Question 10 • Eli Whitney’s cotton gin increased the demand in the American South for – A. slaves. – B. cotton. – C. wheat. – D. coal.