World Geography Today Chapter 13 Natural Environments of

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Natural Environments of Europe Preview Section 1: Physical Features Section 2: Climates and Biomes Section 3: Natural Resources Chapter Wrap-Up

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Section 1: Physical Features Read to Discover • What are Europe’s major landform regions? • What are the region’s main rivers and bodies of water?

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Section 1: Physical Features Major Islands—Great Britain, Ireland, Iceland Major Peninsulas—Scandinavian, Iberian, Italian, Balkan Landform Regions of Europe • Northwest Highlands—Ancient eroded region of rugged hills and low mountains • Northern European Plain—Broad coastal plain with rivers • Central Uplands—Hills and small plateaus, with forested slopes and fertile valleys • Alpine Mountain System—Europe’s major mountain ranges

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Section 1: Physical Features Question What are the major bodies of water in Europe?

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Section 1: Physical Features Seas Rivers North Sea, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea Rhine, Danube, Guadalquivir, Elbe, Seine, Thames Oceans Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean Europe’s Major Bodies of Water Straits Bosporus, Gibraltar, English Channel

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Section 2: Climates and Biomes Read to Discover • How do ocean currents affect the distribution of Europe’s climates? • Which biomes are found in this region?

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Section 2: Climates and Biomes Ocean Currents and Climate • The North Atlantic Drift, a warm ocean current, creates a warm, moist air mass that is blown by westerly winds across Europe, bringing mild temperatures and rain. • Without the effects of this current, Europe would have a colder climate.

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Section 2: Climates and Biomes • Temperate Forest—Ash, beech, maple, oak; badgers, deer, birds • Mediterranean Scrub Forest—Small trees and shrubs; wild boars, wild sheep • Boreal Forest—Evergreen trees • Tundra—Usually frozen; swamps and marshes; migratory birds, reindeer, foxes

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Section 2: Climates and Biomes Question What are the locations, plants, and animals of Europe’s biomes?

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Section 2: Climates and Biomes Temperate Forest Mediterranean Scrub Forest • Covers most of Europe • Southern Europe • Ash, beech, maple, oak trees • Small trees, shrubs, droughtresistant plants • Badgers, deer, many birds • Wild boars, wild sheep Boreal Forest • Northern and central Europe • Spruce, pine, fir trees Tundra • Far northern Europe • Treeless, frozen ground most of the year • Swamps • Migratory birds, reindeer, foxes

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Section 3: Natural Resources Read to Discover • Where are Europe’s forest, soil, and fishery resources located? • What energy and mineral resources are found in this region, and where are they located?

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Section 3: Natural Resources Question What resources are found in each of Europe’s physical regions?

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Section 3: Natural Resources Northern European Plain Northwest Highlands Forests, fishing, coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, hydroelectricity, geothermal power, nuclear power Central Uplands Fertile soils, coal, nuclear power Europe’s Natural and Energy Resources Fertile soils, fishing, coal, natural gas, uranium, ocean tidal, solar power, nuclear power Alpine Mountain System Fertile soils, fishing, marble, lead, zinc, other metals, hydroelectricity

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Section 3: Natural Resources Forests • Timber-producing forests are found in Sweden and Finland. • Many forests are depleted, but reforestation and protection programs exist.

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Section 3: Natural Resources Soils • Northern European Plain has excellent soil. • Southern Europe has good alluvial soils (examples: Italy’s Po Valley, Spain’s Guadalquivir River valley).

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Section 3: Natural Resources Fisheries • Fishing occurs along all coasts. • Best fisheries are in North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, and in North Sea.

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Section 3: Natural Resources Minerals • Coal—Germany (Ruhr field), Britain, Poland • Iron Ore—Sweden, France • Uranium—France • Lead, Zinc, Other Metals—Spain, southern Europe • Marble—Italy, southern Europe

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Section 3: Natural Resources Energy Sources • Oil and Gas—North Sea (Norway, Britain, Netherlands) • Hydroelectricity—Norway, Sweden, Switzerland • Ocean Tidal and Solar—France • Geothermal—Iceland • Nuclear Power—France, Belgium, Bulgaria, Sweden

World Geography Today Chapter 13 Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas 1. How have tectonic processes shaped the physical environment of Europe? 2. Where can you find glacially scoured landscapes in Europe? What are these landscapes like? 3. What are Europe’s three major climate types? 4. Which biome do large parts of northern and central Europe have? How have people affected it? 5. Where are Europe’s best fisheries located?