World Geography Today Chapter 1 Studying Geography Preview

World Geography Today Chapter 1 Studying Geography Preview Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools Chapter Wrap-Up

World Geography Today Chapter 1 Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements Read to Discover • What are the two main branches of geography? • How do we use geography? • What are some ways we can organize our world and the study of geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1 Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements Question What are the two main branches of geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1 Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements Human Geography Physical Geography • Studies distribution Both and characteristics of the world’s people • Studies how (where people live people interact and what they do) with their • Examines how environments people make and trade things that they need to survive • Focuses on Earth’s natural environments, including landforms, water features, plants, animals, and other physical features • Studies the processes that shape physical environments

World Geography Today Chapter 1 Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements We Use Geography: • In Government—For mapmaking and planning • In Business—For marketing and development • In Schools—For education • Every Day—To find our way in town or on trips, when we watch the news and weather, when we read about other countries, when we make decisions about locations for events or businesses

World Geography Today Chapter 1 Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements Organizing the World by Regions • Formal—Has one or more common features that make it different from surrounding areas • Functional—Different places that are linked together and function as a unit • Perceptual—Reflects human feelings and attitudes

World Geography Today Chapter 1 Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements Organizingthe the. Studyof of. Geography By Five Themes • Location—Exact or relative spot of something on Earth • Place—Physical and human features of a location • Human-Environment Interaction—Ways people and environments interrelate with and affect each other • Movement—How people and things change locations and the effects of these changes • Region—Geographic areas with one or more shared characteristics

World Geography Today Chapter 1 Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements By Six Essential Elements • • The World in Spatial Terms 1. How to use maps and other tools 2. How to use mental maps to organize information 3. How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments Places and Regions 4. The physical and human characteristics of places 5. How people create regions to interpret Earth 6. How culture and experience influence people’s perceptions of places and regions

World Geography Today Chapter 1 Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements By Six Essential Elements • Physical Systems • Human Systems • Environment and Society 7. The physical processes that shape Earth’s surface 8. The distribution of ecosystems on Earth 9. The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations 10. The complexity of Earth’s cultural mosaics 11. The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth 12. The patterns of human settlement

World Geography Today Chapter 1 Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements By Six Essential Elements • Physical Systems • Human Systems • Environment and Society 13. 14. 15. 16. • The forces of cooperation and conflict How human actions modify the physical environment How physical systems affect human systems The distribution and meaning of resources The Uses of Geography 17. Apply geography to interpret the past 18. Apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future

World Geography Today Chapter 1 Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools Read to Discover • How do geographers and mapmakers organize our world? • What kinds of special maps do geographers use? • How do geographers use climate graphs and population pyramids?

World Geography Today Chapter 1 Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools Geographers and Mapmakers Organize • By drawing lines on the globe • By identifying hemispheres, landmasses, and bodies of water • By making and using maps

World Geography Today Chapter 1 Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools Question What are characteristics of the three map projection types?

World Geography Today Chapter 1 Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools Map Projection Advantages Disadvantages Cylindrical Used by navigators because it shows true direction and shape Exaggerates landmasses at high latitudes Conic Accurate for areas with long east-west dimensions Not as accurate for areas that extend mostly north to south Flat-Plane Used by pilots and navigators because it shows true direction and area sizes Distorts shapes

World Geography Today Chapter 1 Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools Special-Purpose Maps • Climate and Precipitation Maps—Show weather patterns and atmospheric conditions • Population and Economic Maps—Show the distribution of people, natural resources, and land usage patterns • Elevation Profiles and Topographic Maps— Show physical features of the land

World Geography Today Chapter 1 Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools Important Geographic Characteristics Climate graphs show average temperatures and precipitation in a place. Population pyramids show percentages of males and females by age group in a country’s population. They help us understand population trends.

World Geography Today Chapter 1 Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas 1. What are two main branches in the study of geography? 2. What six essential elements help us organize the study of geography? 3. How are three kinds of regions defined? 4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the three main map projections? 5. What are six kinds of special-purpose maps?