World Archery Coaching Seminar London GBR 8 11

World Archery Coaching Seminar London, GBR 8 - 11 November 2011

9 November 2011 The Biomechanics of Gold Medal Shooting Oliver Logan English Institute of Sport Biomechanist – Archery. GB EIS Skill Acquisition Lead

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Note! There are many different styles and techniques of shooting. What is presented here is only our thoughts on what works well.

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Discussion Areas Ø The Biomechanics of Archery Ø Automatic Technique Ø Skill Acquisition

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Posture Ø Good posture is extremely important for: Ø Balance Ø String Clearance Ø Effective posterior chain use Ø Shooting mechanics

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Posture Ø An ideal posture would see the centre of gravity of the archer centred between the feet

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Good Posture Forward Lean Thoracic/Lumbar Extension

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Alignment Ø Proper alignment is important for a robust consistent competition technique Ø Allows the forces of the bow to be controlled via bones and joints rather than through the muscles Ø Creates a more consistent repeatable technique that stands up under pressure

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Alignment –Coronal Plane

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Alignment Ø 2 types of alignment used in world archery

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Alignment Direction rce Fo w a r D of Force Line Energy Stored in Limbs

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Alignment Ø This way primarily uses posterior deltoid muscle to draw and upper trapezius to anchor

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Alignment Directio n of For orce Draw F ce Line Energy Stored in Limbs

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Alignment Ø This way uses more of the scapular muscles such as all of the Trapezius muscle, rhomboids as well as posterior deltoid

is R s ar d ga in oc na D eu Pr ov ch ra an R ub v g tin es N th po ile Pr or W ke et a a ra y G de z Ku nd Su H a i om ez an rn Fe G st ue C s va in sk Ka m Vi no le z rra Se Ve ko Iv as h 2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Recurve Men Draw Weight in Lbs 55 50 45 40

k a ni ch Ya le kh Pe n le ge r bi n ro Sh D ie a ig le ev Va Lo r k ne pi o r ge en k ch os M yl M Ja ka ge r an a w Ka id Br ka de z rs vo Ya on ul an rn Fe Fo 2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Recurve Women Draw Weight in Lbs 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Alignment - Sagittal Ø Again very important that the archer stands up straight and does not lean to the side. The archer should be like a crane

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Execution Ø Consistent execution is the result of a good physical setup, draw and alignment Ø Execution is the difference between the best and all the rest Ø Some videos of different execution

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Execution Errors Ø As the signal from the brain to relax the fingers is sent some of the upper body musculature also relaxes – causing collapse or softness on the shot Ø Can result from: Ø Pain response Ø Not learning the shot properly Ø Poor alignment Ø Lack of strength

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Tracking Execution Errors Ø Can quantify strength of execution via 2 D tracking. Ø 6 marker upper body model Ø Able to provide joint angles, displancements, velocities and accelerations

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar What execution looks like Draw Wrist Horizontal Velocity 1. 6 1. 4 1. 2 Velocity (m/sec) 1 0. 8 0. 6 0. 4 0. 2 -0. 2 Time (sec) 17 0. 15 0. 13 0. 12 0. 10 0. 08 0. 07 0. 05 0. 03 0. 02 0. 00 0. 02 -0. 03 -0. 05 -0. 07 -0. 08 -0. 10 -0. 12 -0. 13 -0. 15 -0. 17 0

-0. 02 -0. 03 -0. 05 -0. 06 -0. 07 -0. 09 -0. 10 -0. 11 -0. 13 -0. 14 -0. 15 -0. 17 -. 2 -. 4 Time (sec) 0. 17 0. 15 0. 14 0. 13 0. 11 0. 10 0. 09 0. 07 0. 06 0. 05 0. 03 0. 02 0. 01 -0. 01 Velocity (m/sec) 2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Poor Execution Draw Wrist Horizontal Velocity 1. 2 1 . 8 . 6 . 4 . 2

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Automatic Technique Ø In archery when shooting at a target the archer has an external focus on: Ø Aiming Ø Wind conditions Ø Time Ø The archer is not focusing on his/her technique. Therefore if it is not well learnt or automatic then it is more likely to break down

-0. 17 -0. 16 -0. 15 -0. 14 -0. 13 -0. 12 -0. 11 -0. 10 -0. 09 -0. 08 -0. 07 -0. 06 -0. 05 -0. 04 -0. 03 -0. 02 -0. 01 0. 00 0. 01 0. 02 0. 03 0. 04 0. 05 0. 06 0. 07 0. 08 0. 09 0. 10 0. 11 0. 12 0. 13 0. 14 0. 15 0. 16 0. 17 Axis Title 2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Draw Wrist Execution as Function of Distance 1. 4 1. 2 1 close blank boss . 8 . 6 . 4 . 2 -. 2 50 m blank 50 m target 60 m blank 60 m target 70 m blank 70 m target

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar Skill Acquisition 1. Learning The Movement -High frequency live feedback (visual/coach) -Archer has low self feedback and awareness 2. Training The Movement 4. Challenging The Movement -High frequency delayed feedback (visual/coach) -Archer improves awareness and self feedback -No external feedback -Archer can self correct and movement is autonomous 3. Practising The Movement -Low Frequency Delayed feedback (visual/coach) -Archer has high movement awareness and self feedback

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar References Axford, A. (1995). Archery Anatomy (1 st ed. ). London UK: Souvenir Press. Ertan, h. , Kental, B. , Tumer, S. T. , and Korkusuz, F. (2003). Activation patterns in forearm muscles during archery shooting. Human Movement Science, 22, 37 -45 Ertan, H. (2009). Muscular activation patterns of the bow arm in recurve archery. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12, 357 -360. Lin, Jiu-Jenq, Hung, Cheng-Ju, Yang, Ching-Ching, Chen, Hsing-Yu, Chou, Feng-Ching and Lu, Tung-Wu (2010). Activation and tremor of the shoulder muscles to the demands of an archery task. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28: 4, 415 -421. Leroyer, P. , Hoecke, V. , and Helal, N. (1993). Biomechanical study of the final push-pull in archery. Journal of Sports Sciences, 11, 6369 Mann, D. L. , and Littke, N. (1989). Shoulder injuries in archery. Canadian Journal of Sports Sciences, 14. 85 -92. Nishizono, H. , Shibayama, H. , Izuta, T. , and Saito, K. (1987). Analysis of archery shooting techniques by means of electromyography. International society of biomechanics in sports. Proceedings. Symposium V (pp. 365 -371). Athens, Greece. Park. J. , and Larven. J. (2007) Archery Australia Shooting Technique: Biomechanics. Schmid, M. , Schieppati, M. , and Pozzo, T. (2006). Effect of fatigue on the precision of a whole-body pointing task. Neuroscience, 139, 909 -920. Logan, O. (2011). A framework for technical modification: an archery case example. The Sport and Exercise Scientist: the official publication of the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences. (29). Masters, R. S. W. and Maxwell, J. P. (2004). 'Implicit motor learning, reinvestment and movement disruption: What you don't know won't hurt you? '. In Williams, A. M. and Hodges, N. J. (eds) Skill Acquisition in Sport: Research, Theory and Practice. Routledge: London Masters, R. S. W. (2008). 'Skill learning the implicit way - say no more!'. In Farrow, D. , Baker, J. and Mac. Mahon C. ‘Developing Sport Expertise: Researchers and Coaches Put Theory Into Practice. ’ Routledge: London Porter, J. M and Magill, R. A. (2010). 'Systematically increasing contextual interference is beneficial for learning sports skills'. Journal of Sports Sciences, (28): 1277 -1285. Schmid, M. , Schieppati, M. , and Pozzo, T. (2006). Effect of fatigue on the precision of a whole-body pointing task. Neuroscience, 139, 909 -920.

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