Workshop on AreaWide Integrated Pest Management of Fruit

Workshop on Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management of Fruit Flies in South and Southeast countries AIT, Bangkok, Thailand, 1 -3 Sept 2010 By Tiangkham Vongsabouth, Acting National IPM coordinator Thongsavanh Taipangnavong, FAO-IPM Programme

INTRODUCTION The Lao PDR is bordered by the People Republic of China to the north, the Union of Myanmar to the North west, the Kingdom of Thailand to the west, the south with the Kingdom of the Cambodia, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to the East. - Lao PRD has a total land areas of 236. 800 Km 2 - population more than 6, 3 million people - average density of 22 persons per square kilometer - 47 ethnic groups plus other in Lao PDR. - the population is growing at about 2. 6% per year. - The entire country is divided in 18 provinces. Agriculture is the main economic sector in Lao PDR accounting for 51% of the total GDP and employing 86% of the labor force (Source: state planning committee).

Fruit and vegetable Production In Lao P. D. R n Fruit and production in Lao PDR is grown as home garden. The most importance fruit are Orange, Pomelo, Banana and Asian pear, mango, jack fruit, longan, papaya, jujube, banana, custard apple, sapodilla, watermelon, pineapple, maize, cassava, sugarcane , coffee and leafy vegetable.

Fruit tree and vegetable production No. Type crop Planted area Productivities Production(Ha ) 1 Vegetable 118, 705 8. 73 1, 035, 825 2 Fruit tree 13, 121 8. 04 91, 120 3 Banana 13, 590 12. 80 173, 900 4 Pineapple 3, 827 12. 14 45, 780 5 Papaya 1, 810 8. 86 16, 045 6 Water melon 6, 370 18. 02 114, 780 7 Lemon 531 6. 16 3, 050 8 Cantaloupe and other melon 105 12. 24 1, 285

Planted area for vegetable and fruit tree 140, 000 120, 000 118, 705 100, 000 80, 000 60, 000 40, 000 20, 000 13, 121 13, 590 3, 827 6, 370 1, 810 531 105 Lemon Musk melon 0 vegetable Fruit tree Banana Pineapple Papaya Watermelon

Yield of vegetable, fruit tree… 20 18. 02 18 16 14 12. 8 12. 24 12. 14 12 10 8. 86 8. 73 8. 04 8 6. 16 6 4 2 0 Vegetable Fruit tree Banana Pineapple Papaya Water melon Lemon Cantaloupe

Production (t ) 1, 200, 000 1, 035, 825 1, 000 800, 000 600, 000 400, 000 173, 900 200, 000 114, 780 91, 120 45, 780 16, 045 3, 050 1, 285 Lemon Musk melon 0 Vegetable Fruit tree Banana Pineapple Papaya water melon

RICE PRODUCTS (1976 - 2007) 3, 000 2, 663, 700 2, 710, 050 2006 2007 2, 529, 000 2, 500, 000 2, 201, 700 2, 000 Ton(s) 1, 395, 200 1, 500, 000 1, 508, 400 1, 417, 800 1, 053, 100 1, 000 661, 000 500, 000 1976 1980 1985 1990 1995 Year 2000 2005

COFFEE PRODUCTS (1980 – 2007) 30, 000 27, 500 25, 000 23, 500 23, 100 2005 20, 000 Ton(s) 15, 000 10, 000 8, 576 6, 144 5, 204 5, 000 2, 780 1985 1990 Year 1995 2007

MAIZE PRODUCTS (1976 -2007) 700, 000 600, 000 500, 000 403, 585 400, 000 Ton(s) 300, 000 203, 500 200, 000 117, 000 81, 900 100, 000 30, 400 28, 400 33, 300 1976 1980 1985 50, 400 1995 Year 2000 2005 2006 2007

Export value by type of goods 2008 -2009

Export commodities year 2009 No Crops type Quality (t) 1 Water melon 2 Pumpkin 2, 535 3 Cabbage 13, 369 4 Chinese cabbage 5 Cassava 6 Sweet potatoes 7 8 Sugarcane Maize 9 Coffee 114, 780 138 17, 427 2, 021 645, 460 650, 000 27, 500

Local market

Fruit in local market

Jujube damaged by fruit fly

Jujube damaged by fruit fly

Bitter gourd damaged by fruit fly Damage and characteristics - Necrosis around the puncture mark is visible on the fruit. - Feeding by the larvae causes yellowing and rotting of the fruit. n

Fruit fly in Laos The Fruit fly is the most important insect pest of fruit and vegetable production especially for mango, Guava, Jujube, cucumber, water melon, cantaloupe, bitter gourd etc…Fruit fly is outbreak every year and causing yield loss. Up to present, there is no information on yield loss do to fruit fly damage.

Identification by entomology unit of Plant Protection Center. Detection of fruit fly by trapping Locality/site Site code number Locality/description Plant Protection Center L 001 Thaduar road Km. 13; mango and Lichi Viengchalen Village L 002 Village situation; Mango, guava, banana, Thatluangkang Village L 003 Village situation; Mango and guava L 004 Residence; Mango. L 005 Village situation, Mango, Guava, Jujube, Custard apple and Banana. Ngapha Village Nahai Village

n Host Plant - Mango (Mangifera indica) Guava (Ziziphus mauritiana) - Litchi (Litchi chinensis)

n Main activities are: - Set up Trapping Collection of fruit Flies Identification of Fruit fly by DORSALIS LUCID Program Specimen collection Conservation of specimens

Set up Trapping: In one location, 2 different kind of trap were set up: 1. Cue-lure 2. Methyl Eugenol

Fruit fly Collection : - Collection of fruit flies once a week moth per time - Changing the lure wick every 2 months - Record population of fruit fly

Specimen collection : After collection of samples, specimens were prepared.

Identification of Fruit fly by DORSALIS LUCID Program: After collection of fruit fly and specimens prepared, fruit fly species were identified by DORSALIS LUCID Program.

Conservation of Specimens : Specimens were kept: - in specimen postal box. in cardboard collection box in bottle M. E Cue.

Species of fruit fly identified: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Bactrocera Bactrocera cucubitae correcta caramboras scutellaris verbascifoliae caudta tau apicalis

Species of fruit fly identified (continue) 9. Bactrocera 10. Bactrocera 11. Bactrocera 12. Dacus 13. Dacus albistrigata nigrotibialis cilifera dorsalis longicinos

Fruit fly management n n n Sanitation is the first measure of defense, remove damaged fruits and destroy it during harvesting. Wrapping of the fruit with newspaper or with plastic bag. Pesticides use

Thank you for Your attention !