WORKPLACE SAFETY COMMITTEE Bureau of Workers Compensation PA

WORKPLACE SAFETY COMMITTEE Bureau of Workers’ Compensation PA Training for Health & Safety (PATHS) Initial & Re-Certification Training For First Responders PPT-082 -01 1

Technical Assistance Manual Go to our website www. dli. pa. gov 1. Click “Individuals” 2. Then click “Workers’ Compensation” 3. Then click “Hand. S System” PPT-082 -01 2

Hand. S Tech Manual Sample Programs found on following pages: Safety Committee Compliance Checklist Sample Bylaws Sample Safety Policy Sample Meeting Agenda Sample Meeting Minutes 49 51 54 55 56 Sample Training Documentation Sample Incident Investigation Report PPE Program Checklist Workplace Inspection Checklist Safety Orientation 57 58 -60 61 -67 68 -74 75 PPT-082 -01 3

Safety Committee Support Fire Department support information can be derived from NFPA publications PPT-082 -01 4

Safety Committee Support Other publications can also aid you in your plan development PPT-082 -01 5

Risk Management: Your Goal PPT-082 -01 6

Learning Objectives Understand the role and functionality of a safety committee Understand basic hazard detection and inspection methods Understand (and apply) basic accident & incident investigation techniques Gain basic awareness of how drug & alcohol abuse/addiction impacts the workplace PPT-082 -01 7

Program Purpose • Educate new committee members • Refresher training for existing members • Most important: Help prevent accidents & illnesses in the workplace! PPT-082 -01 8

Hidden Costs of Accidents • Total Costs = Direct + Indirect Expenses • Direct (insured) = e. g. wage loss, medical • Indirect (uninsured, cost to company) = e. g. downtime, property damage, morale of injured worker and others in department, hiring, training, possible OSHA citations PPT-082 -01 9

Workplace Safety Committees Role and Functionality PPT-082 -01 10

Safety Committee Purpose § Improve safety & health in the workplace § Involve members in the safety function § Generate ideas for improving safety & health § Improve member/management relations § Stimulate interest among members PPT-082 -01 11

Safety Committee Pitfalls • Busy supervisors can refer problems to the Committee they should solve themselves • Only a small percentage of members participate on the Committee • Timeframe from when problem discovered to meeting may be lengthy PPT-082 -01 12

Safety Committee Pitfalls • Members may not be qualified to handle complex issues and may only address superficial problems • Recommendations may be expensive or time consuming and as a result may be overlooked • May create large workloads for the “management representative” if only identification of hazards occurs PPT-082 -01 13

Safety Committee Authority Extent should be determined and communicated to all members; e. g. : ü ü Empowered and endorsed by top management Acts as a recommending body Investigate accidents/incidents Implement changes PPT-082 -01 14

Safety Committee Structure Single - One workplace, one committee Centralized – More than one workplace → One committee in a central location with representation for each outlying workplace location Multiple - More than one workplace → Separate individual committees at each workplace PPT-082 -01 15

Safety Committee Structure Committee Member Composition - Minimum of 2 employer and 2 employee representatives - Number of employer representatives CANNOT exceed number of employee representatives - Quorum = 1/2 Plus 1 PPT-082 -01 16

Safety Committee Structure Committee Members Employer – Authority to do one or more: ▪ Select or hire an employee ▪ Remove or terminate an employee ▪ Direct the manner of employee performance ▪ Control the employee Employee – Does not possess any authority or responsibility described for the Employer A person cannot function as both of the above PPT-082 -01 17

Safety Committee Function • Purpose: to detect hazards and prevent accidents & illnesses • Must have formal (documented) monthly meetings with Agenda & Minutes: - Review & update safety training - Develop safety work practices - Recommend use of safety equipment/devices - Accident/incident report reviews - Action items from reports & safety inspections - Avenue for member safety-related issues PPT-082 -01 18

Members’ Responsibilities • Attend meetings • Notify members you are their Committee representative • Be watchful for unsafe conditions and acts and report them • Be responsive to people’s concerns; follow up • Ask others for safety suggestions and concerns • Discuss safety issues with members • Offer solutions not just problems PPT-082 -01 19

Managements’ Responsibilities • Provide support (time, effort, money) • Resolve scheduling and personal conflicts • Provide realistic dates for correcting safety and health concerns • Support training for Committee members • Provide leadership and direction • Attend Committee meetings PPT-082 -01 20

Managements’ Responsibilities § Promote positive effects of Committee activities on individual basis or at group meetings § Respond to recommendations in a timely manner § Promote safety within the organization PPT-082 -01 21

Employees’ Responsibilities • Identify safety and health hazards • Report all unsafe conditions and practices • Make suggestions for improving workplace safety • Participate in Committee activities/initiatives • Follow safe practices/procedures • Cooperate with Committee members • Consider becoming a Committee member PPT-082 -01 22

Committee Chairperson • Accountable to top management • Sets the agenda • Coordinates meetings • Facilitates meetings • Ensures agenda is followed • Ensures everyone is heard PPT-082 -01 23

Committee Chairperson Options: • Safety person serves as Chairperson • Management and union co-chairs • Rotating Chairperson (yearly; each meeting) PPT-082 -01 24

Safety Committee Certification Can be done on-line using Hand. S system • Initial certification: - After 6 months of functional committee operation - Within 30 -90 days of insurance policy renewal -Submit Form LIBC-372 • Annual re-certification: - Within 15 -90 days of insurance policy renewal - Submit Form LIBC-372 R PPT-082 -01 25

Hand. S Health and Safety Division’s online processing system PPT-082 -01 26

Accessing the Hand. S System Go to our website www. dli. state. pa. us Click “Workers’ Compensation” then “Health & Safety Division” then “Hand. S System” PPT-082 -01 27

“Review”/Audit Overview • Random/Target Audits • 30 day notification • Opening conference • Table top “on-site” audit • Information verification • Closing conference ◦ Issue Compliance/Non-compliance Rating (Preliminary) ◦ Non-Compliance issues explained PPT-082 -01 28

Successful Safety Committees § Competent -- dedicated § Support goals & objectives § Demonstrate team effort § Develop mutual trust, respect & support PPT-082 -01 29

Objectives should be: SMART Specific Measurable Attainable Relevant Time-limited PPT-082 -01 30

Workplace Safety Committees Hazard Detection and Identification Is this safe? PPT-082 -01 31

Hazard Detection & Identification • The following list shows the main ways to identify hazards: → Walkthrough Surveys → → → Inspection Checklists Past Records Accident Investigations Consultation Documentation PPT-082 -01 32

Risk vs. Hazard Risk: The measure of the probability and severity of an adverse effect caused by a hazard Hazard: What causes the risk; administrative or physical (causes or has the potential to cause a loss) PPT-082 -01 33

Purpose of Safety Inspections • Identify potential hazards so they are corrected before an injury occurs • Implement or improve safety programs • Increase safety awareness • Display concern for members’ safety • Communicate safety standards of performance PPT-082 -01 34

Inspection vs. Audit Are you AUDITING or INSPECTING? Safety Inspections examine physical facilities – looking for unsafe conditions, unsafe acts, housekeeping issues, etc. Safety Audits examine procedures & policies PPT-082 -01 35

Hazard Detection & Inspection • What is a hazard? • What should I look for? • What standards do I reference? • How do I perform the inspection? • How do I document the inspection? PPT-082 -01 36

What is a Hazard? An act or a condition in the workplace that has the potential to cause injury, illness, or death to a person and/or damage to company property, equipment and materials PPT-082 -01 37

What to Look for High Hazard Areas: Equipment and operations that involve energy transfer including: chemical, mechanical, pneumatic, physical, electrical, gravitational, etc. (Unsafe Conditions) Procedures and behaviors, including: Use of protective equipment, safe operating speeds, following proper procedures, horseplay, inattentive behavior, etc. (Unsafe Acts) PPT-082 -01 38

Standards to Reference • OSHA - Federal Regulations (29 CFR 1910) - Available at www. osha. gov • PA Department of Labor & Industry – www. dli. state. pa. us • PA Department of Environmental Protection – www. depweb. state. pa. us/portal/server. pt • Other technical standards (NFPA, ANSI, ASTM, ASME, etc. ) – get help if necessary! PPT-082 -01 39

How to Conduct an Inspection: § Observe processes, equipment, and work locations for unsafe conditions § Obtain comments and suggestions from employees § Review Records such as training, Safety Data Sheets, Accident Reports, etc. § § § Formulate recommendations Report findings to management Follow-up for implementation PPT-082 -01 40

Any Problems Here? Chemical storage underneath cabinet Not all chemicals properly labeled Are chemicals compatible No lip on shelf PPT-082 -01 41

Any Problems Here? Exit/fire doors chained shut Combustibles (paper) over wired glass PPT-082 -01 42

Any Problems Here? Some systems support others; a failure in one can compromise both systems PPT-082 -01 43

Any Problems Here? Clutter Unsafe cylinder storage No access to other equipment Trip and fall hazards PPT-082 -01 44

What About Here? Fire door held open by fire extinguisher Location of extinguisher could be trip & fall hazard PPT-082 -01 45

Any Issues Here? Door possibly closes on cord – damage to cord Cord across walkway – trip & fall hazard PPT-082 -01 46

Any Issues Here? Compressed gas cylinder being lifted by valve! YES! PPT-082 -01 47

What About Here? Exit blocked/obstructed Exit access/aisle blocked/obstructed Storage creates trip & fall hazard Access to fire extinguisher blocked PPT-082 -01 48

How to Document the Inspection In Writing, In Writing! • Email…… • Checklists………. • Memorandums………. • Written inspection reports………. . PPT-082 -01 Safety Inspections 49

Safety Inspection Checklist PPT-082 -01 50

Workplace Safety Committees Accident/Incident Investigation and Reporting PPT-082 -01 51

Incident Ratio Model Most Accident Investigations Conducted 1 29 Minor Injury Few Investigations Conducted 300 Near Miss Death or Serious Injury Bi in gg ju es ry t ca per us ce in nt g ag po e te of nt ia l! 3, 000 Unsafe Acts, Behaviors or Conditions PPT-082 -01 52

Near Miss - is an unplanned event that did not result in injury, illness, or damage – but had the potential to do so. Only a fortunate break in the chain of events prevented an injury, fatality or damage PPT-082 -01 53

What Is A Near Miss? • Opportunity to improve safety practice based on condition or incident with potential for more serious consequence • In this definition, “incident” or “condition” is anything a witness views worthy of addressing to eliminate potential to cause harm. PPT-082 -01 54

Why Report A Near Miss? • Reporting a near miss helps to establish and continue safe practices within the workplace. • Information provided enables an employer to communicate facts, causes and corrective actions to all employees regarding near misses. • Provides valuable information to employees about how to avoid/prevent future accidents and injuries. • Provides opportunity to improve safety, health, environment and security of operation. PPT-082 -01 55

Why Report A Near Miss? • • Reduces tolerance for risk. Avoids complacency. Provides a tool to identify workplace hazards. Allows employee involvement in safety program. • Demonstrates management’s commitment to safety. • Allows identification of possible trends. PPT-082 -01 56

Near Miss • Employees need to feel comfortable reporting near misses. • Employees should not fear disciplinary or peer pressure by reporting. action • Organization’s safety culture is such that reporting a near miss is important and necessary. PPT-082 -01 57

Near Miss Near misses also have a cause and effect What would you say was the cause of this? What might be the effect? What changes would you make? PPT-082 -01 58

Near Miss Resolution • Not only important to resolve near misses to ensure potential accidents do not occur, but also essential to success of near-miss program. • If employees don’t think near misses are acted upon, they will not report in the future. • Resolutions should be promoted and tracked. PPT-082 -01 59

Reporting Near Miss Incidents Why report near misses? PPT-082 -01 60

Near Miss Always remember, if you: Eliminate or reduce all hazards Investigate all near misses immediately and make changes You WILL reduce “incidents” PPT-082 -01 61

Employee Training • What is a near miss and how to identify • Why near misses are important • Role in reporting near miss • Near-miss management team members • Near-miss reporting process • How to report a near miss • How to get help with nearmiss/safety issues PPT-082 -01 62

Accident Investigation & Reporting § § What is an accident? § How do I investigate an accident? § What should I put in my report? § What’s next? What are the causes of an accident? PPT-082 -01 63

Accident Investigation & Reporting What is an accident? An uncontrolled and/or unplanned release of energy that causes or contributes to illness, injury, death and/or damage to property, equipment, or materials. All accidents have a cause and effect! PPT-082 -01 64

Accident Investigation & Reporting What are the causes of an accident? There are two basic causes of accidents: Unsafe Acts and Unsafe Conditions PPT-082 -01 65

Unsafe Acts vs. Unsafe Conditions • Behaviors -Account for the vast • Environment – Represent only a small fraction of injuries - majority of injuries • Won’t • Encourage & Enforce • Can’t • Recognize & Remedy PPT-082 -01 66

Unsafe Acts - Unsafe Conditions • • • Inadequate Ventilation • Operating at Improper Speed Failure to Warn • Congested Area Defective Tools, Equipment or Materials Inadequate Guards Horseplay • Noise Exposure • Improper Lifting • Inadequate PPE Using Defective Equipment (Adapted from Bird & Germain, 1985) PPT-082 -01 67

Unsafe Acts - Unsafe Conditions • • • Temperature Extremes Influence of Drugs or Alcohol Fire/Explosion Hazard Operating Without Authority Poor Illumination • Improper Loading • Inadequate Warning System • Failure to Secure • Removing Safety Devices • File Drawer Left Open (Adapted from Bird & Germain, 1985) PPT-082 -01 68

Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition? Act: Questionable respiratory protection Condition: Items stored in exit access, obstructs exit width PPT-082 -01 69

Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition? Not wearing SCBA’s Act! PPT-082 -01 70

Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition? Means of Escape is cut-off Condition PPT-082 -01 71

Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition? Act: May require SCBA be worn and handlines PPT-082 -01 72

Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition? Condition Exposed wires PPT-082 -01 73

Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition? Condition Sinkhole due to underground pipe rupture PPT-082 -01 74

Accident/Incident Investigation • Review all reported incidents causing injury, damage or a “near miss” • What happened • Identify the root cause • Recommend corrective measures PPT-082 -01 75

Who Should do the Investigation? • First Line supervisor • Safety Committee • Safety Director/Safety Person • All of the above • A combination of the above PPT-082 -01 76

Incident Investigation & Reporting HOW DO I INVESTIGATE AN ACCIDENT/INCIDENT? 1. Call for first aid/emergency response 2. Secure the scene 3. Photograph the scene 4. Interview witnesses 5. Collect physical evidence PPT-082 -01 77

Investigation “Go Bag” Some suggestions: üCamera üFlashlight üTape Measure üSurgical Gloves üNecessary PPE üNote Pad/Tablet ü“Sticky Notes” üPens PPT-082 -01 78

Goal of the investigation IS NOT TO: • Exonerate individuals or management • Satisfy insurance requirements • Defend a position for legal argument • Assign blame Remember, fact finding not fault finding PPT-082 -01 79

Interviewing Victims & Witnesses • Interview as soon as possible after the incident • Do not interrupt medical care to interview • Interview each person separately • Do not allow witnesses to confer prior to interview PPT-082 -01 80

The Interview • Put the person at ease • People may be reluctant to discuss the incident particularly if they think someone will get in trouble • Reassure them that this is a fact finding only process • Remind them these facts will be used to prevent a recurrence of the incident PPT-082 -01 81

The Interview • Take notes! • Do not make suggestions: – If the person is stumbling over a word or concept, do not help them out. • Ask open ended questions: – What did you see? – What happened? PPT-082 -01 82

The Interview • Summarize what you have been told – Correct misunderstandings of the events between you and the witness • Ask the witness/victim for recommendations to prevent recurrence – These people will often have the best solution to the problem PPT-082 -01 83

Incident Investigation & Reporting WHAT SHOULD I PUT IN MY REPORT? 1. All the facts, statements, documents, photos, etc. that were obtained during the investigation 2. Remember, no opinions (e. g. “I think that, I believe that”…) 3. Analysis of the cause 4. Corrective actions PPT-082 -01 84

Corrective Action • Told to be more careful • Explained safety rule on lifting • Instructed employee to read Safety Data Sheet (SDS) • Had co-worker review proper procedures ARE THESE EFFECTIVE MEANS OF CORRECTIVE ACTION? WHAT DO YOU THINK? Hint: Not really! These actions do not really correct anything. PPT-082 -01 85

Good Corrective Action • Met with employee to discuss accident and reviewed proper procedures and then. . . • Observed employee perform the procedure • Showed employee SDS, reviewed how to interpret; use of appropriate PPE • Checked for understanding • Plan to discuss with all employees in department at next meeting PPT-082 -01 86

Incident Investigation & Reporting What’s next? Follow-up! Ensure that corrective actions are being implemented. PPT-082 -01 87

Incident Investigation - Summary • Accident & Incident Investigations – First Aid & Emergency Response – Secure Scene – Photograph/Document Scene – Interviews/Statements – Review Records – Prepare a Report: • Include Causes & Effects • Include Corrective Actions – Follow-up! PPT-082 -01 88

Root Cause(s) The Root Cause is the initiating event. Take that away and the sequence of events that follows does not happen Root Cause What is the initiating event in this picture? PPT-082 -01 89

WEED OUT THE CAUSES OF INJURIES AND ILLNESSES Strains Burns Ung Cuts uard ed m ach play Horse ine Conditions Broke n too ls Chemic al spill Defectiv e PPE Untrained worker Lack of time Too much work azard Create a h hazard Ignore a rt injury o p e r o Fails to inspect Inadequate training plan No accountability policy Surface Causes of the Accident Behaviors Fails to enforce Fails to train Inadequate training No discipline procedures No orientation process DIRECT CAUSES OF INJURY/ILLNESS No recognition Inadequate labeling procedures Outdated Procedures No recognition plan No inspection policy PPT-057 -01 PPT-082 -01 Root Causes of the 86 Accident 90

Drug-Free Workplaces in PA Employee Substance Abuse Awareness & Prevention (ESAAP) PPT-082 -01 91

The Unseen Reality Think PA’s workplaces are drug free? Think again. • 75% of drug users are employed • Almost one in ten employees has a substance abuse problem • 24% of workers admit to drinking during the workday at least once in the past year • 15% of U. S. workers report using alcohol or being impaired on the job in the past year PPT-082 -01 92

The Cost of Substance Abuse • Increased Health Care Costs • Increased Workers’ Compensation Premiums • Increased Workplace Violence PPT-082 -01 93

Substance Abuse • Individuals who abuse drugs or alcohol are three and a half times more likely to be involved in a workplace accident compared to individuals who do not abuse drugs or alcohol • 47% of industrial injuries are directly related to alcohol abuse or alcoholism PPT-082 -01 94

Reasons for Not Implementing ESAAPs • Substance abuse is not a problem • Insufficient time to develop & maintain a policy • The policy would be too costly • Too much uncertainty about liability • Lack of information REALITY = PPT-082 -01 95

Incentive to Implement ESAAPs • Only 1 out of every 5 Pennsylvania employers plans to address substance abuse in the workplace. • The number increased to 2 out of every 3 when workers’ compensation premium discounts were mentioned. * *While PA presently has no provisions for granting financial consideration for implementing an ESAAP, this may be legislatively addressed in the future PPT-082 -01 96

ESAAP is an Effective Solution • Southern Pacific Railroad reports after they implemented an ESAAP accidents dropped by 71%. • One electric supply company documents a 39% decrease in absenteeism after implementation of an ESAAP. PPT-082 -01 97

Substance Abuse When someone has an addiction or abuses alcohol and other drugs it affects themselves as well as other people around them: • Emotionally • Behaviorally • Physically PPT-082 -01 98

Emotional Effects • Aggression • Burnout • Anxiety • Depression • Paranoia • Denial PPT-082 -01 99

Behavioral Effects § Slow reaction time § Impaired coordination § Slowed or slurred speech § Irritability § Excessive talking § Inability to sit still § Limited attention span § Poor motivation or lack of energy PPT-082 -01 100

Physical Effects Common performance problems may include: l l Poor attendance - Tardiness - Unexplained absences - Long lunches Co-workers or customer complaints Mistakes Missed deadlines PPT-082 -01 101

Drugs of Abuse • Alcohol • Narcotics • Marijuana • Hallucinogens • Inhalants • Designer Drugs • Stimulants • Over the counter (OTC) • Depressants PPT-082 -01 102

Drug-Free Workplace Policy Accomplishes two major things: 1. Sends a clear message that use of alcohol and drugs in the workplace is prohibited 2. Encourages employees who have problems with alcohol and other drugs to voluntarily seek help PPT-082 -01 103

Elements of ESAAP’s PPT-082 -01 104

A Safer, Drug-Free Workplace • Recognize the impact of alcohol and drug abuse on the workplace • Understand follow the Drug-Free Workplace Policy • Know the types of assistance available • Visit www. samhsa. gov, the website for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), maintained by the US Department of Health and Human Services PPT-082 -01 105

Additional Resources To assist you in your program development, you can contact us for your own Power. Point copy of: 1. “Drug & Alcohol Awareness-Employee” and 2. “Drug & Alcohol Awareness-Supervisor” Department of Labor and Industry Bureau of Workers’ Compensation Email: RA-LI-BWC-PATHS@pa. gov Phone: (717) 772 -1635 PPT-082 -01 106

PATHS PA Training for Health and Safety PATHS is a “no fee” state-wide service providing Pennsylvania employers and employees with coordinated Health and Safety resources through easy access and affordability PPT-082 -01 107

PATHS At the PATHS Website you can: Ø View. . . Health & Safety Training Power. Point briefings Ø Access “Safety Talks” (Toolbox Talks) Ø Review. . . Course descriptions, objectives, and schedules Ø Employers can register online to participate in webinars and training sessions. Most sessions are free and are open to everyone PPT-082 -01 108

PATHS PPT-082 -01 109

PATHS To Access PATHS www. dli. state. pa. us/PATHS or www. dli. pa. gov – “Individuals” Icon – “Workers’ Compensation” Icon – PATHS Box PPT-082 -01 110

Bibliography § § o o § § John Lee Cook, Jr. , “Standard Operating Procedures and Guidelines, ” Fire Engineering. NFPA Standards: 1500 Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety & Health Program 1521 Standard for Fire Department Safety Officer 1561 Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System 1451 Standard for a Fire and Emergency Service Vehicle Operations Training Program Fire Department Safety Officer, IFSTA, 930 N. Willis, Stillwater, OK 74078 VFIS Loss Control, York, PA Incident Safety Officer, PA Local Level Training Program, PA State Fire Academy Health and Safety Officer, PA Local Level Training Program, PA State Fire Academy PPT-082 -01 111

Webinar Documents PLEASE SEND SIGN-IN SHEETS AND EVALUATIONS TO: E-mail: chpurdy@pa. gov Fax: 717 -772 -1639 THANK YOU VERY MUCH! PPT-082 -01 112

Contact Information To contact a Health & Safety Training Specialist: Bureau of Workers’ Compensation 1171 South Cameron Street Room 324 Harrisburg, PA 17104 -2501 717 -772 -1635 RA-LI-BWC-PATHS@pa. gov Like us on Facebook! https: //www. facebook. com/BWCPATHS PPT-082 -01 113

Questions PPT-082 -01 114