Working together for a safer world AUTONOMOUS SHIPPING

Working together for a safer world AUTONOMOUS SHIPPING Lloyd’s Register Marine & Offshore, April 2018 “Autonomous Technology is poised to reshape the maritime sector. It is time Please insert new cover image – 9 cm (H) by 30. 48 cm (W) for the maritime industry to understand how autonomy will shape the future industry and how best to exploit it. ” Presented by Jim Covill, LR Applied Technology Group

Maritime Autonomy – Where are we now? • The dawn of maritime autonomy is now • Disruptive technology will reshape the industry – Fourth Industrial Revolution • Adoption driven by cost efficiency and skills shortages • Swarms (or pods) of small unmanned vessels • Royal Navy – Unmanned Warrior 2016 • IMO recognises the challenges

Autonomy will revolutionise many industries Autonomous cars are so transformational that multi-billion dollar companies like Google and Apple are pursuing it. Nearly all road accidents (92%) are caused by human error. Futursim

IMPACT of AUTONOMOUS SHIP NAVIGATION Source: Mc. Kinsey $250 bn/year Shipping Costs $4 bn to 9 bn Savings per year Plus 11% to 13% Time Improvement

Key Challenges • Rapid technological advancement • Implementation to optimise business solutions • Technology considerations: • Development, Validation and Verification • Integrating with existing assets • Reliability, dependability and safety • Affordability and the business case • Rules, Standards and Regulations • Social acceptance • Human interaction and re-skilling

Sizing Maritime Autonomy – A Multi-billion dollar opportunity A Multi-billion dollar Opportunity “Ship as a Service” and other novel business models Minimisation of failures and accidents typically ascribed to human errors. Robust reaction times and increased understanding of phenomena during safety critical situations. Optimised crew – increasing the efficiency of operations and reducing operating costs. Leading to better fuel economy and lower emissions. Allianz insurance claims analysis

The Rise of Autonomous Systems in Marine In 5 -10 years, autonomy with nondeterministic perception, reasoning, judgement and actuation capabilities The Gap Human intervention, supervisory control aided by automation Autonomy determining the best course of action with some effecting pre-determined actions.

Every System on board is a target for Autonomy-based efficiency and implementation of Autonomy Levels • Propulsion and Steering • Power Generation, Management and distribution • Navigation and Communications • Ventilation & chilled water • Cargo and Ballast Management • Fuel, lubrication & other ancillaries • Fire Fighting and Emergency Systems … can be cyber-enabled for the purpose of monitoring, control, maintenance management, performance optimisation, manning reduction, future proofing against skills shortages or rapid technology advancement, etc.

Opportunity – Every Shipping Operation is a target for “Autonomy” Autonomy could deal with this complexity to manage operations safely and more efficiently within set boundaries

Opportunity: Autonomous Navigation System “Information – Knowledge – Analysis/Decision Making – Action” Loop • Artificial Intelligence • Sensors and Situational Awareness • Connectivity • Cyber Security

Opportunity: Autonomous Energy Optimisation Systems Understanding energy flows within the ship and employing autonomy to determine and enact the best course of actions in a timely fashion.

Autonomy enabled by new technology: the Journey from a Sensor Perspective Today Vibration sensing and Recording 60’s State of the art multi-equipment sensing, signal conditioning and processing 80’s and early 90’s.

Autonomy enabled by new technology: the Big Data Platform 90’s Edge computing LR Connected Assets Big Data Platform The deployed architecture and connectivity journey: Edge computing (on-premise computing)

Autonomy enabled by new technology: the new architecture for Big Data Analytics on Ships Source: ITT Smart Pump solution New Cyber-enabled Architecture on board

Challenge: Assurance of Safe, Trustworthy AL 5, 6 Autonomous Systems How do we assure AL 5, 6 autonomous systems that are cognitive, adaptive and nondeterministic to ensure they can recognise and modify their behaviour in response to the external environment, loads, stressors and other dynamic factors? The LR Cyber Enabled Ship. Right Document provides the building blocks by identifying issues (both individual and integrated) that affect the performance and safety of autonomous systems.

Cyber Enabled Ships: Autonomous Levels Autonomous levels have been assigned, based on the degree of autonomy or remote access granted at the systems level:

Ve rsi on 2. 0 New Regulations and Standards emerging to manage Automated Ships and associated Cyber Risks Lloyd’s Register Cyber Notations: Cyber SAFE Cyber SECURE Lloyd’s Register Cyber Type Approval of “Smart” Components: Approved “Cyber TYPE”

New Code created to certify fully Unmanned Marine Systems and associated Cyber Risks "The code complements our existing work on cyber -enabled ships and is also intended to support any future regulatory development by the IMO or national bodies. "

LR Code for Unmanned Ships • It allows for the certification of novel and emerging technologies against a structured framework, and is scalable from the very small or simple to the very large or complex. • It complements our existing work on cyberenabled ships and is also intended to support any future regulatory development. • The LR Code for Unmanned Marine will help boost innovation by outlining various requirements, which operators will have to demonstrate compliance with via a tailored combination of standards.

New examples of Empowering Automation Acting on Real Time Understanding of Energy Flows, saving fuel Big Data Foresight Engine Input Process vessel data Cluster journeys Against current Standardize Metrics Fix data errors Compound Calculations Output Head wind Group into logical journeys In port With current Join weather data Average 9% fuel saving per journey In transit Tail wind Identification of most inefficient journeys, with detailed comparisons to more efficient operation, in similar conditions. Based on ALL journey conditions. Not just on ideal/controlled conditions. Fuel efficiency score Fixed Route & Arrival Time Tide Variable RPM & Voith Vessel Data GPS Fuel Consumption Wind Speed & Dir. vessel operation compared to similar journeys Weather 0% RPM 100% Voith (Direction of propulsion) Data analysis dashboards Score each journey part Predictive journey completion recommendations Predict potential efficiency of future or en route journey. Real-time recommendation on operational guidance on how best to complete the journey. compared to ‘same part’ of ’similar journeys’ In partnerships with

New examples of Empowering Automation Towards Remote Control Safe Operations

Applying the LR Code for Unmanned Maritime Systems • 7 m remotely operated UMS • Mix of Integrity Levels • Based on small craft standards • Surveys and sea trials completed • Certification pending!

Cyber Enabled Ships: First Delivery Descriptive Notes : Ship. Right(BWMP(S, T), IHM, SCM, AL-SAFE (AL 2 (Navigation System, Cargo System and Machinery System), AL 3 (Air Handling Unit)))

Regulation Challenges • Regulation of Emergent Technology • • Overcoming the Psychology of Regulation • • Regulation lags technology Needs to manage risk not avoid it Regulation can: • Safeguard against low cost low quality competition • Reduced perceived risks to investors

Final Thoughts • Adoption of disruptive technology • Change the way we interact with the oceans • Critical to support global prosperity • A powerful enabler • Significant challenges still remain, e. g. Ethics • Now is the opportunity to shape our future

Autonomous Shipping 2017 www. lr. org Luis Benito Innovation Strategy and Research Director Lloyd’s Register Marine & Offshore T +44 (0)330 414 0073 E luis. benito@lr. org Lloyd’s Register and variants of it are trading names of Lloyd’s Register Group Limited, its subsidiaries and affiliates. Copyright © Lloyd’s Register Group Limited. 2017. A member of the Lloyd’s Register group.