Work v Employment Work is any activity that

Work v Employment • Work is any activity that requires effort but you don’t necessarily get paid • Employment is any work undertaken for payment. You are doing work but getting paid to do so. Example Máistir is a teacher but trains Dunboyne soccer team. Máistir gets paid for being a teacher and so this is employment but coaching the football team is considered work because he does not get paid for it

Types of Work Employment Unemployment Types of Work Voluntary Work Self- Employment

Employment • As we have already learned, employment is work for payment • An employee is the name given to someone paid to do work • An employer is the name given to someone who pays someone to work

The Public v Private Sector • People who are employed by the state are called the Public Sector- e. g. teachers, doctors etc. . • People who are not employed by the state are the private sector- e. g. Supervalu workers, electricians etc. .

Employment in Ireland can be classified under three headings Primary- The Extractive Industry using natural resources- 5/6% of Economy Secondary- Manufacturing and Construction Industry-24/25% of economy Tertiary- Service Industries- Irelands most popular sector, with over 70% of employment.

Some Types of Employment Office Work- Example would be an office secretary or receptionistanswering telephones, sending emails Technical Work- Example include a chemist, dentist or scientist- using specialist equipment to perform tasks Manual Work-Example would be a builder, plumber, hairdresserrequires physical skills

Some Types of Employment Services and healthcare- Examples would be doctors, nurses, teachersanyone who provides a service as part of their job Creative Work- Examples would be musicians, designers, or entertainers- possess creative skills Management and Administration. Examples would be accountants, football managers, chief executives- planning and organising resources and managing people

Rights and Responsibilities of Workers • Legal: As set out by national or EU law, e. g. the right to be treated equally regardless of age, gender, marital status, etc • Social: The treatment of workers by employers, e. g. payment of a fair wage, prevention of bullying in the workplace, etc.

Rights and Responsibilities of Workers • Environmental: A safe and healthy workplace. In addition, the employer must ensure that they do not damage the local environment • Ethical: Doing what is right, e. g. fair treatment of employees and suppliers, engaging in fair trade.

Employment Advantages Disadvantages • Regular income • Unsociable working hours • Perks- example Company Car • Have to follow someone else instructions • Promotion prospects- can move up the ranks • May have to work long hours over busy periods • Job satisfaction • Pay Tax

The Self -Employed • A self-employed person is anyone who seeks out paid work for themselves rather than be employed by anyone else (Example: Sole Trader) • Advantages include Keeping all Profits, Chose working hours and Make all big decisions • Disadvantages include Unlimited Liability (lose all money invested), Long working hours and You may not have expertise to make decisions

Voluntary Work • This would be non- paid forms of work, like charity workers or family members minding young kids • People will often do this work out of good will, however it is important to remember there is no money benefit for doing so

Benefits of Volunteering • Learn new skills such as working with others, time management, and self- confidence • Playing an active role in your community • Helping the needy • Helps keep businesses and organisations afloat

Unemployment • The Labour Force are people who are able to work but cannot. The unemployed are the people who are out of work but are available to work • It is measured using the quarterly household survey which happens once every 4 years, or by using The Live Register (The Dole) which measures people receiving unemployment benefit each week

Reasons for Unemployment • A downturn in the economy • Businesses closing down and relocating to countries to save costs • Replacing workers with technology- e. g. self service checkouts • Brexit? ?

Task Using your I-Pad, find out the rate of unemployment in 2004, 2007. 2008, 2016.

Why some jobs pay more • People have extra training and skills • People have more experience • Trade Union negotiations • High demand for workers, low supply of jobs

As part of these organisations, an employee has many Rights and Responsibilities such as: RIGHTS OF EMPLOYEES RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYEES To receive a fair wage for work done Not to be discriminated against- race, gender, religion etc To work to the best of their ability To be punctual (on time) To be provided with a healthy and safe workplace Not to reveal confidential information to people outside the business To join a trade union Obey the rules To receive the statutory number of holidays. To implement company policy at all times

As part of these organisations, an employer has many Rights and Responsibilities such as RIGHTS OF EMPLOYERS RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYERS Decide Company Objectives Provide a safe and healthy workplace To expect a fair days work from employees Treat all staff fairly Set conditions of employment Abide by employment laws Expect loyalty Deduct and record appropriate taxes such as PAYE and PRSI Dismiss an employee who has not honoured the terms of employment

Organisational Structure

Industrial Relations • The relationship between managers and workers in an organisation is known as Industrial Relations • Sometimes these relationships can be good or bad vs

Trade Unions

Types of Industrial Action • Illegal Official Strike Lightning/Wildcat Strike Unofficial Strike An unofficial strike is one where employees don’t hold a secret vote and/or don’t give their employer 7 days’ notice. The trade union doesn’t recognise unofficial strikes and will not pay workers strike pay Lightning/ Wildcat Strike This is a sudden strike where no prior notice has been given. Employees literally walk out of the job. This sort of a strike is illegal in Ireland

Types of Industrial Action Legal Official Strike Work to rule Overtime ban Official Strike An official strike is legal in Ireland. First employees must hold a secret vote. If 51% of people want to go on strike they give their employer 7 days ‘notice. The trade union instructs employees to cease working. They will pay workers strike pay.

Types of Industrial Action Work to rule This is where workers do the least amount of work possible under the terms of their employment contracts Overtime Ban This is when employees refuse to do any overtime for the employer

Solving Disputes • Both the Workplace Relations Commission (WRC) and the Labour Court help in solving Industrial Relations Disputes • For homework, research the work of these organisations

How the workplace is changing • Improvements in technology- machines doing things faster • Outsourcing of people- people brought in from outside the workplace to do specialised work • Downsizing- reducing employees to keep costs down • Increased competition- more and more firms compete with each other for new and existing customers

Task 1 • As a group of 3, present a research poster on the features, benefits, rewards, and careers associated with employment, work, and volunteerism