Work Based Learning Project MGT 493 Dr Muhammad
Work Based Learning Project MGT 493 Dr. Muhammad Imran Malik
Recap
Lecture 4
Stop and think A new piece of software arrives in the office or in your home. How do you go about learning about it? • Do you install it and start trying it out? (Activist) • Do you watch as others show you how to use it? (Reflector) • Do you learn about the background to it and the similarities with other programmes? (Theorist) • Do you not bother experimenting until you find a clear purpose for it? (Pragmatist)
Work based learning • It is a learning that takes place – To work – knowledge acquisition – For work – knowledge sharing with others – From work – knowledge utilization (Seagraves et al. , 1996).
Few theories of learning
Few learning theories • Behaviorism • Cognitivism • Social Learning Theory
Behaviorism • The theory originates from the works of Ivan Pavlov’s, classical conditioning, and B. F. Skinner’s, operant conditioning. – Classical Conditioning – Operant Conditioning
Changing Behavior via Learning Associative learning - learning that occurs by making a connection or association between two events. 1. Classical conditioning – association between stimuli in the environment and involuntary reflexive behaviors. 2. Operant conditioning – association between the consequences of our behaviors and our voluntary actions.
2– 10
Classical Conditioning Theory • Learning a conditioned response involves building up an association between the unconditioned stimuli and the conditioned stimuli. • When unconditioned and conditioned stimuli are paired, the conditioned stimuli takes on the properties of the unconditioned stimuli and generates a conditioned response.
Pavlovian Model of Classical Conditioning Unconditioned Stimulus Meat Unconditioned Response Salivation Conditioned Stimulus Bell AFTER REPEATED PAIRINGS Conditioned Stimulus Bell Conditioned Response Salivation
Example • Visit from head office and cleaning of windowpanes. • First of each month and getting salary.
Operant Conditioning Theory
3 Operant Conditioning • Learning that takes place when the learner recognizes the connection between a behavior and its consequences. – Individuals learn to behave in certain ways to achieve desirable consequences or avoid undesirable consequences.
Operant conditioning • Law of effect – Behaviors that are reinforced will increase in likelihood. – Behaviors that are punished will decrease in likelihood.
Reinforcer vs. Punisher • Reinforcer – Something that tends to increase the likelihood of the behavior • Punishers – Something that tends to decrease the likelihood of the behavior
- Slides: 20