Words To know Infectious Disease disease caused by
Words To know Infectious Disease : disease caused by an agent that can pass from one living thing to another Communicable Disease : an infectious disease that is passed from one person to another Microorganisms : a living that can be seen only with a microscope Pathogens : any agent that causes diseases 2 most common pathogens Other Pathogens 1. Bacteria - fungi 2. Viruses - protists - parasitic worms
Bacteria • A type of microorganism that can cause disease, majority are harmless • Can kill bacteria with antibiotics Types of Bacteria (common) • Strep throat • Food/water poisoning • urinary-tract infection • sinus infection • Tuberculosis
Virus • A microscopic disease causing particle consisting of genetic material and a protein coat • Attacks and kills living cells to make new viruses • NO CURE Types of viruses (common) • mononucleosis - measles • hepatitis - common cold • influenza - chicken pox • HIV & AIDS - cold sores
Other pathogens • Types of Fungi • athlete’s foot, jock itch, ringworm • Types of Protists • one cell organism (malaria, west nile) • Types of Parasitic Worms • tapeworm, liver fluke (snails), trichinosis (from pigs - pork foods)
How are Infectious Diseases Spread? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Through the air Contact with Contaminated Objects Person to person Food and Water Animal Spreading Diseases • From infectious and/or communicable diseases the body will either have an infection or a disease
Defenses Against Infection Ways our body copes with infection: a. Skin b. Chemical Warfare on Germs c. Mucus Membranes d. Stomach Acids e. Helpful Microorganisms f. Your Immune System
Your Immunity • Protection against developing a certain disease. 1. Immune system – protects body from disease 2. Immunization – injection of a small amount of a pathogen that will provide protection against an infections disease 3. Antibiotics – drugs that kill or limit the growth of bacterial not viruses.
How the Immune System Works 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Pathogens – any agent that enters the body Macrophage – first attacks and activates Helper T cells – regulates the actions of T Cells Killer T cells – kills or neutralizes pathogens B cells – recognizes the size & produce antibodies Antibodies – sticks to the pathogen & slows action 7. Suppressors T cells – turns off immune system 8. Memory T cells – recognizes agent & immediately attacks
Trends in Sexual Risk Behaviors Among High School Students • Each year 3 million cases of STD in teens in U. S. • Each year 1 million U. S. teens get pregnant • HIV infection is the 6 th leading cause of death among 15 -24 y/o • Unprotected sexual intercourse and multiple sex partners is risky for HIV, STD, and pregnancy • One out of six college girls are raped. Mostly “date rape” & they know their victims.
What’s Happening in Georgia • Georgia, like the rest of the Southeast, has some of the highest rates of Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections (STDs/STIs) in the country. – According to the CDC, in 2012 Georgia was ranked: • 8 th Highest in the U. S. for chlamydia with a rate of 534 per 100, 000 • 5 th Highest in the U. S. for gonorrhea with a rate of 156. 1 per 100, 000 • 1 st in the U. S. for primary and secondary syphilis with a rate of 9. 5 per 100, 000 • Cobb County Public Health - 2012
Sexual Activities + Depression = Suicide Motivation for Abstinence - personal goals Concerned about risks (reward pleasure) Personal/Religious Beliefs (values) Parents’ influence
How many STD’s are there? • 1974 – 2 STD’s (gonorrhea & syphilis) • 2004 – 20 different STD’s • 2012 – 27 (3 new bacterial STD’s)
In the United States, about 85% of all sexually transmitted diseases occur in persons between the ages of 15 - 30.
Ways to Get an STD • Vaginal, Anal, or Oral Sex • Contamminated Needles –Tattoos –Piercing
2 Most Common STD • Chlamydia (Bacteria - curable) • Genital Warts (HPV) (virus – non-curable)
Fact Sheet (open link below) American Teens' Sexual and Reproductive Health May 2014
Through the Years • Started out as VD (venereal disease) - Syphilis oldest VD • STD (Sexual Transmissible Disease) • STD (Sexual Transmitted Diseases) • Today: STI (Sexual Transmitted Infection)
Types of STDs Type: Gonorrhea Cause: Bacteria Signs/Symptoms: often no signs/symptoms; heavy yellowish discharge Treatment: Antibiotic
Gonorrhea/Bacterial Often called the CLAP Penis was clapped between 2 hands to push out the infection
• Type: PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) • Causes: Bacteria • Signs/Symptoms: painful sexual intercourse; uterine bleeding; urinary problems • Treatment: Powerful antibiotics • Type: Chlamydia • Causes: Bacteria • Signs/Symptoms: usually no signs/symptoms; difficulty urinating; discharge • Treatment: Antibiotics
• Type: Genital herpes • Causes: Virus • Signs/Symptoms: usually no signs/symptoms; painful blisters on cervix or penis • Treatment: No Cure
• Type: Syphilis • Causes: Bacteria • Signs/Symptoms: 1 st sign – small red bumps called chancre; 2 nd rash/moist sores in genital areas; 3 rd (final stage) blindness, paralysis, or death • Treatment: Antibiotics
• • Type: Trichomoniasis Causes: Bacteria that can turn into a virus Signs/Symptoms: painful urination; discharge Treatment: Antibiotics • Type: Genital Warts (Human Papilloma Virus) • Causes: Virus • Signs/Symptoms: Warts in the genital or anal area • Treatment: No Cure
• Type: Vaginitis • Causes: Bacteria that can turn into a virus • Signs/Symptoms: painful urination; discharge • Treatment: Antibiotics depending on cause • Type: Hepatitis B • Causes: Virus • Signs/Symptoms: flu like symptoms; dark urine; yellowish skin • Treatment: No Cure
• Type: Pubic Lice • Causes: Parasitic • Signs/Symptoms: Intense itching in genital area • Treatment: Medicated lotions & shampoo • Type: Scabies • Causes: Parasitic • Signs/Symptoms: Intense itching in genital area, under breast, armpits, between fingers • Treatment: Medicated lotions & shampoo
Penicillin • Common antibiotic used to treat many bacterial STD’s
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