Words and pieces of words Defining Words Overview

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Words and pieces of words -Defining Words.

Words and pieces of words -Defining Words.

Overview of unit • Bloomflied defines the word(word) as a minimum free form. •

Overview of unit • Bloomflied defines the word(word) as a minimum free form. • Ex/ Seaside (Compound) ‘it has a special meaning but in the dictionaries each one ‘sea’ and ‘side’ has its own isolated meaning. • The same case can be seen in the word (fly) as carries two differentclasses as verb and noun.

Identifying words. • There are two stages in the analysis of any language •

Identifying words. • There are two stages in the analysis of any language • First : Finding Chunks , such as fly – flow • In finding chunks ’self-contained unit’. We look to the sequences which are not interpreted and non-mobile. • Ex/ Chickens (it is a word that cannot be divided into parts. It occursin different parts in the sentence. • Note / the above example comes vice-versa to the word (greenhouse). • Second : Deciding how many items are covered by each chunks (as with fly which covers two lexical items).

Morphemes • Morphemes that can stand alone to function as words are called free

Morphemes • Morphemes that can stand alone to function as words are called free morphemes. They comprise simple words (i. e. words made up of one free morpheme) and compound words (i. e. words made up of two free morphemes). • Examples: • Simple words: the, run, on, well • Compound words: keyboard, greenhouse, bloodshed, smartphone • Morphemes that can only be attached to another part of a word (cannot stand alone) are called bound morphemes. • Examples: • pre-, dis-, in-, un-, -ful, -able, -ment, -ly, -ise • pretest, discontent, intolerable, receive • Complex words are words that are made up of both free morpheme(s) and bound morpheme(s), or two or more bound morphemes.

Recognitions of morphemes • We can know the morphemes through the inflections at the

Recognitions of morphemes • We can know the morphemes through the inflections at the end of the word • Sniffed writing windows • Helped speaking cars • Played walking students • The words above are different words but they carry the same endings.

-Types of Morpheme • 1 - Free morphemes: are minimum free forms with meaning

-Types of Morpheme • 1 - Free morphemes: are minimum free forms with meaning that can stand alone with other helper elements • Free morphemes are divided into: • A-Lexical (open class) includes nouns , verbs , adverbs , . . etc. • B-Functional (closed class) includes conjunctions , prepositions , …etc. • 2 -Bound Morphemes : are the affixes that are attached to the end of the words , these cannot stand alone. Bound morphemes are two types : • Inflectional morphemes include ( -s , -ing , -ed, -er…. . ). • Derivational morphemes include affixes like (ence , ment, …