Word Order Subject Helping Frequency verbs adverbs Main

Word Order Subject Helping Frequency verbs adverbs ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ کﻤکی Main verbs ﻗیﺪ ﺗکﺮﺍﺭ Object Adverbs of manner place ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﺻﻠی ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﻗیﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ Adverbs of time ﻗیﺪ ﻣکﺎﻥ ﻗیﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ I am sometimes go me badly at school yesterday You is always eat you quickly at home every day He are usually play him rapidly in class tomorrow She was often live her beautifully on farm It were never read it carefully at university in winter We can hardly write us carelessly in the field on Monday They could rarely drive them hard on land last night Np will scarcely get up np fast in the sky at 6 Pn must ever see pn well here on time in Aban I could never play football in the playground carefully last year.

Subject goes at the very beginning of a sentence. A subject has three forms: • Pronouns: I – You – He – She - It - We – You –They • PN (proper noun): Ali – Reza – Hamid – Mina • NP (noun phrase): My father – his Friend – The students

Helping verbs go after the subject. Helping verbs are classified into two groups: • Be- have-do family: am; is; are; was; were; have; has; had • Modals: can; could; shall; should; will; would; may; might; must; have to; had to; ……

Frequency adverbs • Adverbs of frequency goes after the auxiliary verbs and before the main verbs. 1. He is always late. 2. He always comes late. 3. We is always coming late. • The list: always; sometimes; often; usually; never; hardly; ……. .

Main verbs Main verb is the core of the sentence. It is the core because: • It shows the tense of the sentence; 1. I played football. ( simple past tense ) 2. I play football. ( simple present tense ) 3. I will play football. ( simple future tense ) 4. I am playing football. ( present continuous tense ) 5. I was playing football. ( past continuous tense ) 6. I have played football. ( present perfect tense ) 7. I had played football. ( past perfect tense )

Objects come after the transitive verbs. 1. They ate lunch. Subject verb object • They can’t go after the intransitive verbs; 1. The students go to school. • Bitransitive verbs get two objects; 1. Ali sent an e-mail to Reza. 2. Ali sent Reza an e-mail. • Ergative verbs are both transitive and intransitive. 1. The door opens. 2. Ali open the door.

Adverbs of manner go after the object. 1. The children are watching TV carefully. • How to make an adverb of manner? Adjective + -ly = adverb of manner • Some adverbs are irregular: hard; fast; well 1. The teacher can speak English well. What’s the difference between hard and hardly?

Adverbs of place go after the adverb of manner. She is watching the TV carelessly at home. • Adverbs of place describes the place of action or state. • The smaller place goes before the larger one. 1. They live on Zand Street in Shiraz. • Zand Street is smaller than Shiraz.

Adverbs of time go at the end of the sentence and show the time of action or state. I saw him at school yesterday. • Like adverbs of place, The smaller time goes before the larger one. 1. Mina got up at 6 yesterday. • Yesterday is bigger than at 6.