Word List Timeline Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan 660
Word List Timeline Mu‘awiya ibn Abi Sufyan 660 -750 Umayyad caliphate. Umayyads 660 -80 Caliphate of Mu‘awiya. Marw/Merv 706 -9 Bukhara taken. 711 -12 Samarqand taken.
Map Link: The Muslim Conquests: <http: //faculty. polytechnic. org/gzetlian/images/maps/ muslimconquestsmap. gif>
Word List Timeline Berbers 711 -16 Most of Spain taken. Visigoths Jabal Tariq (Gibralter) Charles Martel 716 -17 Last attack on Constantinople. 732 or 733 Franks defeat Muslims at Tours/ Poitiers.
Word List Timeline ‘Abd al-Malik 685 -705 Caliphate of ‘Abd al-Malik. qadi (judge) jizya (poll tax)
Word List Timeline mawali (non-Arab converts) hadith 680 Death of al-Husayn at Karbala’. ‘ilm (knowledge/divine guidance) imam (prayer/spiritual leader) kharijis shi‘is ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib al-Husayn Karbala’ Ja‘far al-Sadiq Ibn al-Hanafiyya
Word List Timeline Sunni Islam c. 745 ‘Abbasids send (“mainstream” Islam) Abu Muslim east to raise revolt. Marwan II 747 Abu Muslim raises ‘Abbasids revolt in Khurasan. Hashim Abu Muslim ‘Abd Allah ibn al-‘Abbas Khurasan
Timeline 749 Battle of the Lower Zab. Abu’l-‘Abbas al-Saffah acclaimed caliph in Kufa. 750 Battle of the Upper Zab. Marwan II and other Umayyads killed. ‘Abd al-Rahman escapes to Spain.
Object List Great Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, from the air. (Sacred Sites: <http: //www. sacredsites. com/>. ) Plan of Prophet’s Mosque, Medina. (F) The Great Mosque at Damascus: ‘Umayya Mosque’. 8 th c AD. Plan. (F) Courtyard, Great Umayyad Mosque, Damascus. (A) The Great Mosque at Damascus, exterior view: colonnade. 8 th c AD. (F) Prayer Hall, Great Umayyad Mosque, Damascus. (Al Mashriq: <http: //almashriq. hiof. no/>. ) Mihrab, Great Umayyad Mosque, Damascus. (A) F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Object List Mihrab and minbar, Great Umayyad Mosque, Damascus. (Al Mashriq: <http: //almashriq. hiof. no/>. ) The Great Mosque at Damascus, interior view: Mihrab niche and part of Minbar. 8 th c AD. (F) Mosaics from the Great Mosque of Damascus; 8 th c AD. Architecture and decorative band. (F) Mosaics from the Great Mosque of Damascus; detail of mosaics, river landscape. 8 th c AD. (F) Mosaics from the Great Mosque of Damascus; 8 th c AD. Architecture. (F) Mosaics from the Great Mosque of Damascus; 8 th c AD. Buildings and tree. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Object List Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; exterior view; front view. 7 th c AD. (F) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; exterior view; aerial view of Mount Moriah. 7 th c AD. (F) The Noble Sanctuary viewed from Mount Scopus. (Alistair Duncan, The Noble Sanctuary (London: Longman, 1972), p. 9. ) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; interior view; The Double Ambulatory. 7 th c AD. (F) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; cutaway plan. Mosaics on the interior. 7 th c AD. (F) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; interior view; The Sacred Rock surrounded by a portico. 7 th c AD. (F) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; interior view of decoration and inscription. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Object List Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; exterior view; close aerial view. 7 th c AD. (F) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; interior view; Detail. 7 th c AD. (F) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; ornamental detail; Vase with acanthus scroll. 7 th c AD. (F) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; ornamental detail; Jar with floral motif, mosaic and glass, 7 th c AD. (F) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; ornamental detail; mosaic and glass floral motif. 7 th c AD. (F) Mosaic crown and breastplate in the Dome of the Rock. (Richard Ettinghausen and Oleg Grabar, The Art and Architecture of Islam, 650 -1250 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), p. 33. ) F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem. 7 th c AD. (F) Floor plan of the Aqsa Mosque. (A) Central nave of the Aqsa Mosque. (Wikipedia: <http: //en. wikipedia. org/>) Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem. Interior. 7 th c AD. (F) Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem, Mosaic detail. 7 th c AD. (F) Aqsa Mosque. Mosaic under arch under dome. (A) Aqsa Mosque. Qibla end of the central nave. (Wikipedia: <http: //en. wikipedia. org/>) Aqsa Mosque. Mystery object! (A)
Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Plan of Mshatta, Syria c. 750 AD. (F) Section of façade of Mshatta Palace, 8 th c. (Volkmar Enderlein et al. , Museum für Islamische Kunst (Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 2001), pp. 122 -23. ) Closer view of Mshatta Palace Façade, 8 th c. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection: <http: //www 3. telus. net/nchristi/HIST 2252 slides/ mshatta 1. jpg>. ) Façade of Mshatta Palace, 8 th c. (Volkmar Enderlein et al. , Museum für Islamische Kunst (Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 2001), pp. 118 -19. ) Façade of Mshatta Palace, 8 th c. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection: <http: //www 3. telus. net/nchristi/HIST 2252 slides/ mshatta 2. jpg>. )
‘Anjar, Lebanon; plan. 8 th c AD. (F) ‘Anjar, Lebanon; view of ruins. 8 th c AD. (F) ‘Anjar, Lebanon; detail of columns. 8 th c AD. (F) Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi. Exterior view. 8 th c AD. (F) Gaia and Marine Centaur from Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi. 8 th c AD. (F) Detail from Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi. 8 th c AD. (F) Qusayr ‘Amra; exterior of the baths, ca. 715. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Object List Qusayr ‘Amra. Plan. (A) Qusayr ‘Amra; cupola of bath. 8 th c AD. (F) Qusayr ‘Amra. Fresco of the zodiac in the caldarium vault. (A) Qusayr ‘Amra. Detail of a transverse arch in the entry hall. (A) Qusayr ‘Amra. Fresco detail. (A) Mural paintings from bath of Qusayr ‘Amra. 8 th c AD. (F) Khirbat al-Mafjar, 8 th c. (Islamic Architecture: http: //www. islamic-architecture. info/) F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Object List Detail of stucco from Khirbat al-Mafjar, Jordan. 8 th c AD. (F) Khirbat al-Mafjar, dome, 8 th c. Six heads in flower. (Richard Ettinghausen and Oleg Grabar, The Art and Architecture of Islam, 650 -1250 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), p. 61. ) Khirbat al-Mafjar, 8 th c. Female attendant, and dancing figure in pendentive. (Richard Ettinghausen and Oleg Grabar, The Art and Architecture of Islam, 650 -1250 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), p. 62. ) Khirbat al-Mafjar, 8 th c. Standing caliph in Persian style. (Islamic Architecture: <http: //www. islamic-architecture. info/>. ) Mosaic pavement from the audience room of Khirbat al-Mafjar. Jericho. C. 740 AD. Al-Walid II? (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Object List Coin of Mu‘awiya. (Bernard Lewis, The Middle East (London: Phoenix, 1996), betw. pp. 82 -83. ) Semissis of Heraclius, 610 -613. (Byzantine Coins Home Page: <http: //www. byzantinecoins. com/>. ) Persian Coin altered by Muslims. (Robert Hillenbrand, Islamic Art and Architecture (London: Thames and Hudson, 1999), p. 19. ) Umayyad Coin, 8 th c. AD. (F [with three figures]) F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Object List Solidus of Heraclius, 641. (Byzantine Coins Home Page: <http: //www. byzantinecoins. com/>. ) Umayyad Coin, 8 th c. AD. (F [with caliph and armless cross]) Umayyad Coin, 8 th c. AD. (F [with Arabic script]) King on a hunt; gilt silver, 19 cm diameter. Iran. 7 th-8 th c AD. (F) Earthenware unglazed ewer with incised décor. Iraq: early 8 th c. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Object List Brass ewer cast and engraved: Fayyum, Egypt. Mid-8 th c? 41 cm. Museum of Islamic Arts, Cairo. (F) Two pieces of red woven silk (Caliph Marwan II): Syria: mid-7 th c AD. (F) Woven hanging of wool and undyed linen. Egypt or Palestine (detail). 8 th c AD. (F) Woven tapestry of the “Victorious Emperor”. 8 th c AD. Egypt. Wool and linen. 25. 4 x 22. 9 cm. Victoria and Albert Museum, London. (F) Carpet (mystery object!): Cairo (? ). 8 th c AD. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet
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