Word List Timeline Mecca Quraysh haram Kaba c

Word List Timeline Mecca Quraysh haram Ka‘ba c. 570 Birth of Muhammad ibn �‘ Abd Allah ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, of the clan of Hashim, of the tribe of Quraysh Hashim Abu Talib Khadija

Word List Mt. Hira’ sura (chapter of the Qur’an) aya (verse of the Qur’an) Qur’an/Koran Timeline 610 Laylat al-Qadr (Night of Power, 27 th Ramadan) 611 Muhammad starts preaching in Mecca. ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib

Word List Timeline Yathrib 615 Some Muslims emigrate to Abyssinia. ‘Aws Khazraj 619 Deaths of Abu Talib and Khadija. Abu Bakr 620 Muhammad meets Yathribis. 622 Yathribis swear to obey/fight for Muhammad.

Word List al-Madina/Medina (the city) Timeline 622 hijra (started 16 th July). Madinat al-Nabi (the city of the Prophet) muhajirun (migrants) ansar (helpers) umma (Muslim community) Constitution of Medina

Word List Timeline Banu Qurayza 624 Battle of Badr. Expulsion of the Banu Qaynuqa‘. Banu’l-Nadir 625 Battle of Uhud. Expulsion Banu Qaynuqa‘ of the Banu’l-Nadir. khandaq (ditch) 627 Battle of the khandaq. Execution of the Banu Qurayza. Sa‘d ibn Mu‘adh

Word List Timeline Isma‘il Ta‘if 628 Truce with Mecca jizya hajj 629 Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca ‘A’isha 630 Muhammad takes Mecca 632 Death of Muhammad (8 th June)

Word List al-Fatiha (the Opening) Themes in the Qur’an 1. God Abraham, Moses, David, Jesus and Muhammad 2. Prophets Hud, Salih, Shu‘ayb and 3. Judgment Day Luqman hadith Sunna khawass al-Qur’an

Word List Timeline Khusraw Parviz 602 Persians attack Byzantine Empire. Heraclius Ctesiphon Abu Bakr 628 Byzantines drive Persians back to Ctesiphon. Persia descends into civil war. 632 Death of Muhammad. Succeeded by Abu Bakr.

Word List khalifat rasul Allah (successor to the Messenger of God) khalifa (caliph) umma amir al-mu’minin (commander of the faithful) rashidun (rightly-guided ones) Umayyads hijra ‘A’isha

Word List Timeline ridda (apostasy) 632 -34 Wars of the Ridda ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab 634 Death of Abu Bakr. Succeeded by ‘Umar Yarmuk River 636 Battle of the Yarmuk River. Conquest of Syria/ Holy Land follows. 637 Damascus taken.

Word List Timeline Qadisiyya Ctesiphon 637 Battle of Qadisiyya. Ctesiphon and other Persian cities taken. Zoroastrianism 639 -42 Muslims take Egypt. magi gnostic Manichaeans Alexandria

Word List Timeline diwan 641 -47 Further expeditions vs. Byzantines and Persians. ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan ansar 644 Death of ‘Umar. Succeeded by ‘Uthman. 651 Completion of fitna (temptation/ conquest of Persia. time of trials, i. e. civil war) 655 Muslims take Cyprus.

Word List Timeline ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib 656 Death of ‘Uthman. ‘Ali acclaimed as caliph. Battles of the Camel and Basra Siffin. Arbitration agreed. Mu‘awiya ibn Abi ‘Ali abandoned by kharijis. Sufyan Siffin kharijis (seceders)

Word List Adhruh Timeline 658 Arbitration at Adhruh. Rejected by ‘Ali. al-Hasan al-Husayn shi‘at ‘Ali/ shi‘is/Shi‘ites 660 Mu‘awiya acclaimed caliph in Jerusalem. 661 Death of ‘Ali. Al-Hasan gives up claim to caliphate.

Object List Façade of the palace at Ctesiphon in the 19 th century. Sasanian. (F) Iwan of Sasanian imperial palace. Ctesiphon, Iraq. (F) Sasanian stucco plaques: rosette from Bishapur; plaque from Um-Za’atir near Ctesiphon. (F, plus image of second plaque from Niall Christie, Personal Collection: <http: // www 3. telus. net/nchristi/FINA 224 slides/persianwings. jpg>. ) Sasanian merlon of stucco from Bishapur. Sasanian stucco plaque with boar’s head from Damghan. (F) Relief showing two ibexes flanking a vine. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection: <http: //www 3. telus. net/nchristi/FINA 224 slides/ persianibexes. jpg>. ) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List Sasanian silver bowl showing King Peroz (457/9 -484 CE) hunting moufflons. Silver with partial mercury gilding. Sasanian. (F) Silver bowl with Khusraw I Anushirvan among dignitaries. Sasanian. (F) Silver jug with crossed lions. Sasanian. (F) Chapel of the Ascension, Jerusalem. Byzantine. (F) Sculpted pier from St Polyeuktos, Constantinople, 524 -7, reused, Piazzetta, Venice. (Early Christian and Byzantine Art: <http: //www. ou. edu/class/ahi 4263/byzantine. html>. ) Throne of Archbishop Maximian: detail, decorative panel showing birds and animals in a vineyard, ca. 545 -553. (AICT: <http: //arthist. cla. umn. edu/aict/html/index. html>. ) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List The Transfiguration, c. 565/6. Apse mosaic. St Catherine’s Monastery, Sinai. (Early Christian and Byzantine Art: <http: //www. ou. edu/class/ahi 4263/byzantine. html>. ) Christ and the Theotokos and Child with saints and angels. 6 th cent. Ivory dyptich. (Early Christian and Byzantine Art: <http: //www. ou. edu/class/ahi 4263/byzantine. html>. ) Solidus of Heraclius, 641, and Semissis of Heraclius, 610 -613 (Byzantine Coins Home Page: <http: //www. byzantinecoins. com/>. ) Bronze Peacock Lamp. Early Byzantine, probably Egypt, 6 th-7 th century. (Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection: <http: //www. doaks. org/Byz. Images/byzcollimages. html>. ) F = Ferret, A = Archnet