Word formation Suffixation NOUNS Nouns formed from nouns

Word formation Suffixation: NOUNS

Nouns formed from nouns • • • -ship (friend – friendship) - hood (brother – brotherhood) - er (advert- advertiser) - or (act – actor) -ee (trainer – trainee) - ness (lion – lioness) - age (pack –package) - ism (Marx – Marxism) -ist /-est (science – scientist/ host – hostess))

Nouns formed from verbs • • • - age (break – breakage) -al (propose – proposal) -ance (annoy – annoyance) -ation (organise – organisation) -ence (prefer – preference) -ion (confuse –confusion) -ment (amuse – amusement) -sion (suspend – suspension) -sis (analyse –analysis) -tion (direct –direction) -y (injure –injury)

Nouns formed from adjectives • • • - ance (tolerant – tolerance) -cy (fluent – fluency) -ence (obedient – obedience) -ion (desperate – despreation) -iness (happy –happiness) -ity (popular – popularity) -ment (content – contentment) -ty (royal – royalty) -y (honest – honesty) - doom (free – freedom)

• The water-fuelled car was his greatest. . . (ACHIEVE) • The final. . took 8 hours to reach. (AGREE) • he. . on their faces was worthy of a photograph. (AMAZE) • The first. . of problems in the design started in November of this year. (APPEAR) • Thanks to mobile phones, the emergency services come to people's. . much faster these days. (ASSIST) • My first. . for a holiday would be Okinawa. (CHOOSE)

• The managing. . of the pharmaceutical company was sent to prison for bribing medical staff. (DIRECT) • . . is now at more than 20% in Spain, which is catastrophic. (EMPLOY) • Helping companies to create jobs is the best way to stimulate. . in an economy. (GROW) • Electric cars have been showing remarkable. . in recent years. (IMPROVE • People need to increase their. . of nutritiion, especially about the dangers of sugar, red meat and refined flour. (KNOW)

• http: //www. dijaski. net/gradivo/ang_ref_word _formation_01__predstavitev? r=1 • https: //www. englischhilfen. de/en/word_formation/verbs_nouns 1/i ndex. php • http: //www. dcielts. com/word-formationexercises/ • http: //www. tinyteflteacher. co. uk/learningenglish/FCE/word-formation-ment-ness. html