WOMEN OF THE SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT ABIGAIL ADAMS 1744

WOMEN OF THE SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT

ABIGAIL ADAMS (1744 -1818) Wife of 2 nd Pres. John Adams, Mother of 6 th Pres. John Q. Adams Believed in equal rights for men and women including: § Education § Legal Rights § Political Rights Still felt a woman's role was in domestic work Supported Abolition

REMEMBER THE LADIES Letter to husband John Adams on March 31, 1776. “I long to hear that you have declared an independancy-and by the way in the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If perticuliar care and attention is not paid to the Laidies we are determined to foment a Rebelion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation. ” Property Rights Education Legal Reforms

ABOLITION & SUFFRAGE

SOJOURNER TRUTH, (1797 -1883) Born a Slave “There is a great stir about colored men getting their rights, but not a word about the colored women. . . And if colored men get their rights, and not colored women theirs, you see the colored men will be masters over the women, and it will be just as bad as it was before. ”

SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATIONS NWSA: National Women's Suffrage Association. Militant group addressed voting as well as other women’s issues. AWSA: American Women's Suffrage Association. This group addressed only voting. (Together they formed) NAWSA: National American Women's Suffrage Association.

LUCRETIA MOTT (1793 -1880) Abolitionist Supported Temperance Quaker Minster Close Friends with Elizabeth Cady Stanton Both attended the World Anti. Slavery Convention in London 1848 § Couldn't Speak Came back to US and held Seneca Falls Convention American Equal Rights Association – Pres. NWSA + AWSA (American/National Woman Suffrage Association)= NAWSA

SUSAN B. ANTHONY (1820 -1906) Abolitionist Published “The Revolution” – A weekly women’s suffrage paper § "Men their rights and nothing more, women their rights and nothing less. ” November 5, 1872 – Arrested for Voting § Felt 14 th Amendment gave women right to vote § Arrested women and ballot inspectors § Was unable to testify on her own defense § "She is not a competent as a witness on her own behalf. "

ELIZABETH CADY STANTON (1815 -1902) Helped Plan the Seneca Falls Convention Drafted the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions Advocated for Temperance § Divorce laws 1866 – 1 st woman to run for Congress VP – American Equal Rights Association

SENECA FALLS CONVENTION 1 st National Women’s Rights Convention 300 people attended, 40 men Only 1 was alive in 1920 Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions § 100 women signed it § Did not include the right to vote

DECLARATION OF… Independence Sentiments and Resolutions We hold these truths to be selfevid en t, tha t a ll men are cr eat ed equa l , that they are endowed by th eir Cre ato r with certain un alie na ble R ights, that among th ese are Life, Liberty and t he pursuit o f Ha ppiness. --That t o se cure t hese rights, Governments are in stituted among Men , deriving th eir just p ow ers from the consent of the go verned, --That whenever any Fo rm o f Government becomes dest ructive of these ends, it is the Rig ht of th e People to alter or to abo lish it , a nd to institute new Gove rnment, l aying its foundation on suc h p rinc iples and org anizing its po wers in such form, as to them sh all se em mo st likely to effect th eir Sa fety a nd Happiness. We hold these truths to be s el fevident: that al l men an d women are created equal; that they are endowed by t hei r C reator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are li fe, liberty, and t he pu rsu it of happiness; that to secur e these rig hts gov ernm ents are inst it uted, deri ving their jus t powers from t he co nsent of the g overned. When ev er any form of Government b eco mes des tructi ve o f t hese ends , it is the right of those who suffer f rom it t o refu se a llegian ce to it , and to ins is t upon t he inst it ution of a ne w g overnment, laying its foundation on such pr incipl es , and organi zing its powers in s uch form as to the m shall seem mos t l ikely to effect t heir safety and happine ss.

Suffrage in America, 1916: White= full suffrage Dotted= federal suffrage Black= no suffrage

WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE IN US - 1915

WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE YEAR

CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT (1859 -1947) Age 13 – Dad voted Paid her way through college by teaching National American Woman Suffrage Association § Supported state-bystate suffrage

ALICE PAUL (1885 -1977) Quaker born founder/leader of the Congressional Union for Women’s Suffrage (CUWS) and later, the National Women’s Party. These parties advocated the use of picketing and hunger strikes. Ph. D from University of Pennsylvania in Social Work 1912. Law degree from Washington College of Law in 1922. Established the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage (CUWS) § Wanted constitutional Amendment

WOODROW WILSON V. ALICE PAUL Peaceful Protest in front of White House Jan-July 1917 Arrested 3 times Arrested for “obstructing sidewalk traffic” Sentenced to 7 Months Force Fed – 3 times a day for 3 weeks Wilson supported the 19 t h Amendment on Jan. 18, 1918

THE ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST SUFFRAGE. Women pay taxes and should have representation in government. Women obey and live by laws they do not make. Women have experience that will help in legislation. (Women will support fair laws in the workplace and for children. ) Voting would increase sense of responsibility. Mothers who vote will have sons and daughters who vote. (Increased citizenship) No reasonable argument to the contrary. Women are represented by their husbands and sons. It would “double the ignorant/foreign vote”. Women could not vote without neglecting her other duties. If can vote then they would be able to hold office. It will lead to family quarrels and increase divorce. It will destroy chivalry. Women are too emotional. Voting results won’t change. . Why double the vote? Suffragism is a branch of feminism. . Which promotes free love. Distraction from war (19141918)

19 TH AMENDMENT Need 2/3 of each Chamber § Passed through house – 304 to 89 § Passed through senate – 56 to 25 Need 3/4 of states (36) in order to ratify the amendment August 18, 1920 – only 35 states Yellow and Red Roses Rep. Banks Turner – Switched to tie 48 -48 Harry Burn – Mom: Febb "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. ” “Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. "

FEDERAL LAWS THAT CAME AS RESULT OF WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE. Prohibition (Drinking laws) Making mother joint guardians with the fathers over their children. (equal parenting rights) Raising the age of protection of young girls to 18. ( age of consent laws) Establishing a juvenile court; making parents responsible for the offenses of delinquent children, when they have by neglect or any other cause contributed to such delinquency. (age when considered adults) Forbidding the employment of children in certain industries. ( Child Labor Laws) Making the wife the head of the family in cases where she provides the principal support. (Women’s Legal/Property Rights) Compelling men to support their families and making wife-desertion a felony. (Child Support Laws) Providing penalties for the punishment of male and female procurers/pimps (Sex trade laws). Making it a felony for any person under 18 to work as a servant or employee in any house of ill-fame.

FEDERAL LAWS THAT CAME AS RESULT OF WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE. Making immoral solicitation a felony. Imposing heavy penalties upon men for living upon the earnings of immoral women. Establishing a State home for dependent children, two of the five members of the board to be women. Providing for the care of the feeble-minded. ( Care of mentally ill laws ) Prohibiting the gift or sale of cigarettes to children. ( Tobacco Laws/Drinking Age) Prohibiting the sale of opium. Making employers liable for industrial accidents. ( Workman’s Comp/Workplace laws) Establishing the indeterminate sentence for prisoners. ( Life imprisonment) Making the Colorado Humane Society a State bureau of child animal protection. (Animal Rights) Providing for the teaching of humanity to animals in the public schools. Establishing mothers pensions. Creating a minimum wage board to determine minimum wage for women. (minimum wage) Establishing an eight-hour law for women. Providing for the initiative, referendum, recall, and for direct primaries.

WOMEN’S RIGHTS: THEN & NOW

EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT “Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. ” Written in 1923 by Alice Paul Passed both houses in 1972 Did not get the required number of ratifications Never Adopted

IN-CLASS RESPONSE DO YOU THINK AMERICA IS READY FOR A FEMALE PRESIDENT? WHY HAVEN’T WE HAD ONE YET? WOULD A WOMAN MAKE A “GOOD” PRESIDENT? At Least 6 Sentences.