WOD 121 INCONTROVERTIBLE in kon trah VUR tih
WOD 1/21 INCONTROVERTIBLE (in kon trah VUR tih bul) adj. • not able to be “turned against” or disputed; certain; indisputable – The suspect’s fingerprints on the window were considered INCONTROVERTIBLE evidence of his participation in the robbery. – Christina INCONTROVERTIBILITY believes in herself. – It is INCONTROVERTIBLE that two plus two equals four. STUDY FOR YOUR 3. 1 -3. 3 QUIZ!! • Organelle function • Principles of the Cell Theory • Properties of the cell membrane
Explain that enzymes are globular proteins that act as catalysts • Globular = multiple polypeptide chains • Catalyst = increase rate of chemical rxn by lowering activation energy • Poss. Effects of denaturing
Be able to describe the specificity of enzymes and their active sites in different temperature and p. H conditions • Substrate has corresponding structure to active site • Recognize and identify what happens to enzymes under extreme p. H and temperature conditions
Compare the lock-and-key hypothesis and the induced fit hypothesis • How does L&K theory contribute to our modern understanding of enzyme-substrate reactions (induced fit) • Recognize that L&K is not wrong, but has been modified
Explain how enzymes affect activation energy and reaction rate • Be able to recognize and identify on graph – Explain graph textually
Describe the effects of substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, and different p. H/temperature • Graphs! Be able to identify data/graphs of rxns under diff. conditions • Review info on how to correctly plot points on a graph
Be able to describe different types of enzyme inhibition • Diff. between competitive and non competitive – Competitive: reversible, concentration dependent, acts reversibly on active site – Noncompetitive: acts on site other than active site (allosteric), or permanently binds to active site – End-product: product acts as inhibitor
Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and explain the underlying reasons for this structure • Membrane structure and importance of – phospholipids – Cholesterol – Intrinsic/extrinsic proteins – Glycolipids and glycoproteins
Outline the roles of the CSM Describe and explain: • Barrier • Transport • Receptor • Recognition
Describe and explain how molecules can get in and out of cells via the CSM • Diffusion: high to low concentration. Small and fat soluble do not need protein. – Water is exception to polarity rule b/c it is small • Osmosis: movement of water from high water potential to low water potential • Facilitated diffusion: high to low concentration of large/charged (polar) molecules using protein carrier or channel • Active transport: low to high concentration. NEEDS energy input – Bulk transport: large movement in (endocytosis) or out (exocytosis) of cell
Know the effects of pressure and solutes on water potential • Ψ = water potential • Solute potential (Ψs) decreases Ψ • Pressure potential (Ψp) increases Ψ – Water always moves high to low – Pure water = 0
Investigate the effects on plant cells and animal cells of immersion in solutions of different water potentials • Know how plant and animal cells will react in hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions • Which do plant cells prefer • Which do animal cells prefer
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