WLRC Module 2 Research and Coursework Support March

WLRC Module 2: Research and Coursework Support March 28 th, 2018 Laura Bredahl, Optometry and Vision Science and Biology Librarian

Learning Objectives § List the 5 stages of the Research Life-Cycle § Use resources relevant to conducting a literature search (research guide, ebooks, journal databases) § Create a basic search string using Boolean § Set up library links in Google Scholar and connect to library resources § Set up an account with Ref. Works and export a reference from a database

PLAN YOUR RESEARCH Literature Search Citation Management

RELEVANT RESOURCES 11

Relevant Resources § Research Guide: http: //subjectguides. uwaterloo. ca/optometry § Research Methods § Ebooks § Research Databases

RESEARCH QUESTION 13

What makes a GOOD research question? Characteristics of good research questions: § Relevant - Related to a current body of knowledge § Specific – Increases understanding within a field Sources: https: //uwaterloo. ca/biology/sites/ca. biology/files/uploads/files/Proposal_Guidelines 2. pdf http: //twp. duke. edu/uploads/media_items/research-questions. original. pdf Research Question

Too Broad Too Narrow HOW MANY CHICKENS CROSSED BROAD STREET IN DURHAM, NC, ON FEBRUARY 6, 2014? Why did the chicken cross the road? (The question does not address which chicken or which road. ) Sources: https: //uwaterloo. ca/biology/sites/ca. biology/files/uploads/files/Proposa l_Guidelines 2. pdf http: //twp. duke. edu/uploads/media_items/researchquestions. original. pdf Research Question (This question could be answered in one sentence and does not leave room for analysis. It could, however, become data for a larger argument. )

A Good Research Question: § A more specific question might be the following: Sources: https: //uwaterloo. ca/biology/sites/ca. biology/files/uploads/files/Proposal_Guidelines 2. pdf http: //twp. duke. edu/uploads/media_items/research-questions. original. pdf Developing Your Research Question and Scope What are some of the environmental factors that occurred in Durham, NC between January and February 2014 that would cause chickens to cross Broad Street? (This question can lead to the author taking a stand on which factors are significant, and allows the writer to argue to what degree the results are beneficial or detrimental. )

Clinical Research Questions § PICO § Patient § Intervention § Control § Outcome Example: § In nursing home residents with osteoporosis, do hip protectors result in fewer injuries from slips, trips, and fallswhen compared with standard osteoporosis drug therapy over the course of their stay? (from: https: //hslmcmaster. libguides. com/c. php? g=306765&p=2044787)

Your Turn 1. Find a partner 2. Get a blank piece of paper 3. With your partner write out a research question that you will use today during the workshop.

SEARCH STRATEGY Boolean Search terms Cited reference searching Alerts 19

Search Strategy In plastic surgery, the new skin must quickly bond with tissue at the wound site. Stitches and staples can create extensive scarring and tissue glues can trigger inflammation. What does current research say about methods of improving skin grafts and reducing scarring? "skin graft*" AND scar* AND (heal* OR manage* or treat* OR prevent*) 20

Search Strategy AND Search Tips: § Use “help” pages “help” § Use AND OR NOT OR § Use * $ wildcards/truncation. * $ § Use quotations “ “ for phrases “ “ § Use results to find out more terms § Use limits § Find citing articles NOT

Search Strategy Leave out implied concepts § Plastic Surgery - too broad and not likely included in all records. Research articles focus more and assume the audience is aware of the subject area. § Current research - you are searching in a Research Database. Unnecessary limit on the search. § Effects - implied in most searches. effects of treatment on scarring - what else would the article be about? 22

Search Strategy Separate main concepts – increases flexibility in search Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Skin graft Graft (plastic surgery) Scar* Inflammation Heal* Manage* Reduc* Treat* Prevent* 23 Concept 4

Search Strategy Increase search results in 2 ways: § Adding keywords for concepts, better describe your concept § Use broader terms (ex. Species, genera, class) 24

INCREASE YOUR SEARCH RESULTS 25

How to find more keywords Example: The study of ancestral voltage-gated ion channels from the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta. Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Voltage-gate Ion channels Salpingoeca rosetta Permission to use this example from Amit Mehta 2016 26

Bredahl fall 17 biol 690 27

Bredahl fall 17 biol 690 28

Adding Keywords Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Voltage-gate Electrical signalling Depolarization Hyperpolarization Ion channels Na channels Sodium channels Ka channels Potassium channels Calcium channels HCN Channel Sro. HCN Channel Salpingoeca rosetta Choanoflagellates Unicellular animals Premetazoan 29

Adding Keywords voltage-gate* OR "Electrical signal*" OR depolariz* OR hyperpolariz* AND "Ion channel*" OR "Na* channel*" OR "Sodium channel*" OR "Ka* channel*" OR "Potassium channel*" OR "Ca* channel*" OR "Calcium channel*" OR "HCN Channel" OR "sro. HCN" AND Salpingoeca Rosetta” OR choanoflagellates OR (unicellular AND (animal OR organism)) OR premetazoan)) 30

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Other areas of a paper to look at when trying to expand your keywords Article Laura Bredahl Fall 17 BIOL 690 Database 32

Your Turn 1. Isolate the main concepts of your research question with you partner 2. Enter these into the Scopus database 3. Find 1 -2 additional keywords for each concept

ADDITIONAL SEARCH STRATEGIES 34

Strategies for Focusing Search and Gaining Context 1. Use journal databases, but limit to 2. Use thesis/dissertation databases review articles (WOS, Scopus, Pub. Med) (ex. UWSpace) § Find out who has been doing what. § This is a common way to begin search § You can get a fairly complete picture of a research field quickly § Helps you gain context 3. Use citation databases (WOS, § Will reveal gaps in existing body of Scopus) research § Helps to identify controversies § identify significant authors, quickly significant papers 35

SEARCH STRATEGY Boolean Search terms Cited reference searching Alerts 36

Cited Reference Searching – Sorting 37

Cited Reference Searching 38

Your Turn § Sort your results from your previous search using “Cited By - highest”

ALERTS Tracking Research 40

Setting up alerts § Alerts (Requires Registration with Databases) § Citation Alerts –track each time an article is cited § WOS § Scopus § Google Scholar § Search Alerts – track new articles related to your topic § Save search in database (requires registration) § TOC Alerts – Track journal issue publications § Journal issue alerts, set-up within database or at publisher website. Fullerton fall 09 biol 690 41

Your Turn 1. Set up an account with Scopus 2. Create a search alert with your previous search

CITATION MANAGEMENT 43

Citation Management § Exporting citation to Ref. Works http: //subjectguides. uwaterloo. ca/refworks

Your Turn § Set up an account with Ref. Works § Import a few references into your new account § If you have time: add them to a new folder in Ref. Works