WJEC Design and Technology CBAC Dylunio a Thechnoleg
WJEC Design and Technology CBAC Dylunio a Thechnoleg Innovation Awards 2019 Gwobrau Arloesedd 2019
Applying ‘Design Iteration’ and the ‘NEA’ • • The process of Iteration An iterative approach in the NEA Iterative design strategies An overview of the NEA
Pyramid of Iteration Solution Refinement Model, Test, Evaluate Brief / Spec – Ideas Focussed Research Broad range of possible problems
The Process of Iteration Outcome or Final Solution / Prototype Analysing, Reflecting and Evaluating Testing Ideas Think Understanding the Context https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Rnsk 5 l. A 52 ps
Understanding the Context Iteration in action • • • Identify a range of possible scenarios / problems What happens? When? Why do these problems occur / exist? What is the result? What are the users needs, wants and values? What needs to be prevented? Empathise with the user. Observe the problems Present possible design problems Generate possible initial design briefs
Understanding the Context Iteration in action • • • Identify a range of possible scenarios / problems What happens? When? Why do these problems occur / exist? What is the result? What are the users needs, wants and values? What needs to be prevented? Empathise with the user. Observe the problems Present possible design problems Generate possible initial design briefs
Understanding the Context Iteration in action • • • Identify a range of possible scenarios / problems What happens? When? Why do these problems occur / exist? What is the result? What are the users needs, wants and values? What needs to be prevented? Empathise with the user. Observe the problems Present possible design problems Generate possible initial design briefs
Think Designing with Iteration • • • Do I understand the problem? Record thinking - sketching Quickly note as many ideas as possible - brainstorm Look for influence / help Discuss with users Look at exiting products – why do they not fully solve the problem? Disassemble products Look at other designers work / similar products. Who, what, when, where, why, how? Establish / outline an initial design brief and specification
Ideas Designing with Iteration • • • What ideas do I have? Explore ideas - sketching Quick developmental sketching - busy / untidy Will any of my ideas work? Change / modify / improve ideas to make them better Do they meet the needs, wants and values of the user? Look for influence / help Expose ideas to client Simulation modelling, empathising, experience the problem. Ready to do some testing? Let’s try some ideas out!
Ideas Designing with Iteration • • • What ideas do I have? Explore ideas - sketching Quick developmental sketching - busy / untidy Will any of my ideas work? Change / modify / improve ideas to make them better Do they meet the needs, wants and values of the user? Look for influence / help Expose ideas to client Simulation modelling, empathising, experience the problem. Ready to do some testing? Let’s try some ideas out!
Ideas Designing with Iteration • • • What ideas do I have? Explore ideas - sketching Quick developmental sketching - busy / untidy Will any of my ideas work? Change / modify / improve ideas to make them better Do they meet the needs, wants and values of the user? Look for influence / help Expose ideas to client Simulation modelling, empathising, experience the problem. Ready to do some testing? Let’s try some ideas out!
Testing Designing with Iteration • • • Introduce CAD modelling Test ideas – what are the results? More detailed sketching, with analytical comment Card modelling – size, shape, form, function. Will any of my ideas work? Change / modify / improve ideas Do they meet any of the needs, wants and values of the user? Look for influence / help Expose ideas to client Clear evidence of ideas improving as a result of testing and modelling Identify the next step – Analyse and Evaluate.
What is this iconic design? Who produced it? London Underground Map – Harry Beck 1931
A journey on the D&T underground Need to Launch SCAMPER Explore Create Bio-Mimicry Morph 6 Rs Creativity Lateral Thinking Ergonomics Anthropometrics Evaluate Modelling Size Creativity Designers CAD Inspiration STEM Existing Products Final Brief & Specification Initial ideas Strengths Initial Brief & Specification Materials Mind Map Final Prototype Evidence Components User Needs Identify Need 3 D Printing Final Evaluation Suitability Marketability User opinion Appearance Product Launch
� An overview of the NEA Assessment Criteria Marks (a) Identifying and investigating design possibilities. 10 (b) Developing a design brief and specification. 10 (c) Generating and developing design ideas. 30 (d) Manufacturing a prototype. 30 (e) Evaluating a prototype’s fitness for purpose. 20 Total 100 Assessment Objective AO 1 AO 2 • The design context must be analysed critically. • There will be a number of possible design tasks identified. • Detailed and relevant research will be evident • Consider the needs and wants of users • Analysis of existing products • Research into past / present professionals
Adjustable lamp • Context driven • Analysis focussed and relevant • Opportunities identified • Possible briefs
Adjustable lamp • Users considered • Detailed and relevant information gathered analysed. • Needs, Wants and Values • Concise, focussed. • Quick • Well presented • Helps understanding
Adjustable lamp • Users considered • Disassembly / analysis of an existing product • What have I learned? • How does this help? • Keep it focussed!
Adjustable lamp • Understanding the location • Ergonomics / anthropometric issues • Research into bulb types • Link to sustainability • Supported by analysis and evaluation commentary
Adjustable lamp • User influence clearly considered. • Summary of research • Final Brief generated
� An overview of the NEA (a) Identifying design possibilities The candidate has: • • [AO 1] 9 – 10 marks undertaken a thorough and effective identification of opportunities for the development of designs within the prescribed context. undertaken detailed, relevant research and investigation, clearly linked to the context and, where appropriate, the work of past/present professionals and companies. undertaken detailed and effective analysis of information, reflecting the needs, wants and values of clients or potential users. identified a broad range of problems/opportunities to clearly inform the development of possible design briefs. Band 4
� An overview of the NEA (a) Identifying design possibilities The candidate has: • • • [AO 1] 1 – 2 marks identified one opportunity for the possible development of designs within the prescribed context. undertaken little research and investigation, which is only partially linked to the context. undertaken a basic analysis of information, with little or no consideration of the needs, wants and values of potential users. identified few problems/opportunities and developed a design brief with little reference to their investigations. 0 marks produced no work that is worthy of a mark. Band 1
� An overview of the NEA Assessment Criteria Marks (a) Identifying design possibilities. 10 (b) Developing a design brief and specification. 10 (c) Generating and developing design ideas. 30 (d) Manufacturing a prototype. 30 (e) Evaluating a prototype’s fitness for purpose. 20 Total 100 Assessment Objective AO 1 AO 2 • Opportunities are carefully considered before final brief. • Understand the task and the needs and wants of users. • A clearly defined design brief is evident. • A detailed specification is generated to drive designing. • Measurable criteria included. • The specification is used throughout the designing process.
Adjustable lamp • Specification must be detailed and well structured • It must contain helpful criteria? ? • Measurable data? ? • Lightweight – is not enough – 2. 5 kgs! • Colour / size / cost etc must be fully developed • This ‘success list’ should help designing • This spec should be a ‘design tool’
� An overview of the NEA (b) Developing a design brief and specification [AO 1] The candidate has: • • 9 – 10 marks fully considered a range of problems/opportunities before deciding upon a final design brief. demonstrated a very good understanding of the task ahead and the requirements which have to be met, to satisfy fully the needs, wants and interests of potential users. written a design brief, relevant to the context, based upon a thorough analysis of their research and investigation. written a detailed, relevant specification, including a range of objective and measurable criteria, to direct and inform the design and manufacture of a prototype. Band 4
� An overview of the NEA (b) Developing a design brief and specification [AO 1] The candidate has: • 1 – 2 marks focussed on a single opportunity to produce a design brief. demonstrated a limited understanding of the task ahead, with little or no consideration of the needs, wants and interests of potential users. written a design brief based upon simple analysis of their research and investigation. produced a small range of partially appropriate specification points. • 0 marks produced no work that is worthy of a mark. • • • Band 1
� An overview of the NEA Assessment Criteria Marks (a) Identifying and investigating design possibilities. 10 (b) Developing a design brief and specification. 10 (c) Generating and developing design ideas. 30 (d) Manufacturing a prototype. 30 (e) Evaluating a prototype’s fitness for purpose. 20 Total 100 Assessment Objective AO 1 AO 2 • 30% of the NEA! • An iterative approach is required. • A range of design strategies. • Clear and effective testing. • Analysis against Spec identifies further refinements. • Testing and selection of : Materials Components Dimensions Manufacturing / production Finishing • High level skills evident
Adjustable lamp • A range of initial ideas • Initial means starting point • How effective are my ideas? • How do I know? • What do I need to do next? • ITERATION starts here
Adjustable lamp • • • A variety of possible ideas Ideas are now modelled / tested The results need to be analysed This then moves forward Candidates need to ensure the analysis is evident!
Adjustable lamp • • Excellent modelling, testing and critical analysis Spec used as a checklist! Users exposed to ideas! Areas met identified and areas for refinement! Iteration at work!
Adjustable lamp • • Introduction of CAD at the right time! Low fidelity – high fidelity modelling. Very detailed final details. Effective use of CAD / CAM
� An overview of the NEA (c) Generating and developing design ideas [AO 2] The candidate has: 24 – 30 marks • • • considered a range of design strategies, techniques and approaches and applied an iterative design process to generate and communicate a broad, complex and diverse range of initial ideas. identified and considered social, moral and economic factors which are relevant to the context and potential user(s). clear, effective and detailed use of testing to evolve ideas and to refine their design decisions. developed a proposal, including comprehensive and relevant details of materials, dimensions, finishes and production techniques, which clearly addresses all requirements of the design brief and specification. demonstrated sophisticated use of a range of skills/techniques to clearly communicate ideas and proposals to a third party. Band 4
� An overview of the NEA (c) Generating and developing design ideas [AO 2] The candidate has: 1 – 7 marks • • • generated and communicated a limited range of undeveloped initial ideas. identified aspects of social, moral or economic factors, though these are not closely related to the context and or potential user(s). made little or no use of testing to evolve ideas. Developed a proposal, with superficial details of materials, dimensions, finishes and/or production techniques which addresses few requirements of the design brief and/or specification. demonstrated limited ability to communicate their idea(s) to a third party. 0 marks • produced no work that is worthy of a mark. Band 1
� An overview of the NEA Assessment Criteria Marks (a) Identifying and investigating design possibilities. 10 (b) Developing a design brief and specification. 10 (c) Generating and developing design ideas. 30 (d) Manufacturing a prototype. 30 (e) Evaluating a prototype’s fitness for purpose. 20 Total 100 Assessment Objective AO 1 AO 2 • Another 30% of the NEA! • Stages of production timeline. • Completed prototype to schedule. • Successful high level making skills. • Excellent appreciation of materials and components • High levels of accuracy in outcome. • Prototype functions perfectly • Meeting the user needs and wants.
Adjustable lamp • • Introduction of CAD at the right time! Low fidelity – high fidelity modelling. Very detailed final details. Effective use of CAD / CAM
Adjustable lamp • • Introduction of CAD at the right time! Low fidelity – high fidelity modelling. Very detailed final details. Effective use of CAD / CAM
Adjustable lamp • • High quality, fully functioning outcome. Variety of materials and processes. CAD CAM used thoughtfully. High quality finish! (PAT tested too!)
� An overview of the NEA (d) Manufacturing a prototype [AO 2] The candidate has: 24 – 30 marks • • • clearly communicated comprehensive relevant details of a logical sequence and achievable timeline for the stages of production and testing of their final prototype. Selected and worked with appropriate materials and components to successfully complete the manufacture of their prototype to a defined schedule. used a range of appropriate making skills and processes to produce a high quality functioning prototype that meets the requirements of the design specification and is fit for purpose. an excellent understanding of the working properties and performance characteristics of the specified materials and, where appropriate, demonstrated consideration of surface treatments/finishes. selected and safely used specialist tools, appropriate techniques, processes, equipment and machinery with a high level of accuracy and precision to enable the prototype to perform as intended and fully meet the user's requirements. Band 4
� An overview of the NEA (d) Manufacturing a prototype [AO 2] The candidate has: Band 1 – 7 marks • • • communicated superficial or no details of a sequence for manufacture and/or testing of their final prototype. worked with materials and components to partly complete the manufacture of their prototype. implemented some making skills and processes to produce a partially functioning prototype, aspects of which meet elements of the design specification. a limited understanding of the working properties and/or performance characteristics of the specified materials. selected and safely used specialist tools, techniques, processes, equipment and machinery with a limited degree of accuracy, the prototype partially or is unable to fully perform as intended, though meets few aspects of the needs, wants and values of the user. 0 marks • produced no work that is worthy of a mark. 1
� An overview of the NEA Assessment Criteria Marks (a) Identifying and investigating design possibilities. 10 (b) Developing a design brief and specification. 10 (c) Generating and developing design ideas. 30 (d) Manufacturing a prototype. 30 (e) Evaluating a prototype’s fitness for purpose. 20 Total 100 Assessment Objective AO 1 AO 2 • 20 Marks available. • On-going evaluation and analysis of ideas as they develop. • Appraising concepts through the iterative process. • A critical analysis and evaluation of the FINAL prototype. • User trials / testing and opinions of potential users. • Reflection on feedback and further development issues identified. • Detailed suggestions for modifications.
Adjustable lamp • Final product tested by target market in the intended situation. • Full analysis of performance. • Modifications identified and further developments actioned. • Outcome v Spec
� An overview of the NEA (e) Evaluating a prototype’s fitness for purpose The candidate has: [AO 2] 16 – 20 marks • undertaken a critical, objective analysis, evaluation and testing of their ideas and decisions whilst applying iterative design processes. • undertaken a critical and objective evaluation and testing of their final prototype, taking into account the views of potential users. • responded to feedback and clearly identified the potential for further development of their prototype, with detailed suggestions for how modifications could be made. Band 4
� An overview of the NEA (e) Evaluating a prototype’s fitness for purpose The candidate has: 1 – 5 marks • produced a superficial evaluation of their ideas and decisions. • produced a superficial evaluation of their final prototype. • partially identified how their prototype could be modified. 0 marks • produced no work that is worthy of a mark. [AO 2] Band 1
Iterative Design Strategies • • Ideation – design ideas and sketching https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=33 O 5 y. FA 3 m 48 Foam modelling https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=g 6 x. G-5 Ytes. U Biomimicry https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=UHb_XNg. IHFY SCAMPER https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=G 8 w 0 r. Jhzt. J 4 Product Disassembly https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=r. KHUwz_g. TWI CAD - https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ouvf-4 wciak Inspiration for Fashion & Textiles https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=e. Gb 55 ph. Lhzw Prototyping https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=g. Wk 6 br 5 Ngkc
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