WIRELESS SENSORS NETWORK anywhere and everywhere omnipresent WIRELESS

WIRELESS SENSORS NETWORK

anywhere and everywhere. omnipresent

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK A sensor network is an infrastructure comprised of sensing (measuring), computing, and communication elements that gives an administrator the ability to instrument, observe, and react to events and phenomena in a specified environment The environment can be the physical world, a biological system, or an information technology (IT) framework. .

WSN NODE COMPONENTS Low-power processor. Sensors Storage Processor Radio WSN device schematics P O W E R Limited processing. Memory. Limited storage. Radio. Low-power. Low data rate. Limited range. Sensors. sensors: temperature, light, etc. Cameras, microphones. Power.

Sensor networking is a multidisciplinary area that involves, among others, radio and networking, signal processing, artificial intelligence, database management, systems architectures for operator-friendly infrastructure administration, resource optimization, power management algorithms, and platform technology (hardware and software, such as operating systems)

WHAT IS ZIGBEE? � Technological Standard Created for Control and Sensor Networks � Based on the IEEE 802. 15. 4 Standard � Created by the Zig. Bee Alliance � Named for erratic, zig-zagging patterns of bees between flowers � Symbolizes communication between nodes in a mesh network

ENGINEERING DESIGN RESEARCH CHALLENGES

Engineering Challenges ● Identification of several simultaneous events & reliable correlation of information from neighboring nodes ● Classification of objects & events ● Improved integration of different sensor types ● Miniaturization & better robustness of sensors ● Common formats & standards for sensor data communication

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE Network should be scalable Flexible and hierarchical architectures should accommodate the requirements of both heterogeneous and homogeneous infrastructure flat single-tier network of homogeneous sensor nodes Multi-tier heterogeneous approaches (clustering/partitioning) resource-constrained low-power elements are in charge of performing simpler tasks, such as detecting scalar physical measurements resource-rich high-power devices (such as gateways) perform more complex tasks

DESIGN CHALLENGES (CONT’D) � Heterogeneity. � Devices with varied capabilities. � Different sensor modalities. � Hierarchical deployments. � Adaptability. � Adjust to operating conditions and changes in application requirements. � Security and privacy. � Potentially sensitive information. � Hostile environments.

2012 Research Challenges ● Increase WSN usability, flexibility & security ● Security: reputation approaches ● Endurance: energy harvesting, efficiency ● Coverage & connectivity improvement: sensing & communication range (yet covert, small EM emission) ● Information processing, fusion & knowledge: related to coverage for reliable correlation of info across space & time to perform data mining, knowledge engineering ●Optimum communications schemes ● Optimum protocols ● Optimum Hierarchical deployments.