Wireless Sensor Network Radio Frequency ID Amazon Gos

Wireless Sensor Network & Radio Frequency ID, & Amazon Go’s Integration Team: Katie Pietranek, Liya Chiu, Saibal Roy and Yusup Kamel MSIT: Wireless – 413 1

1. Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) ● Introduction ● RFID Components ● Carrier frequency ● Types of RFID ● Security and Privacy ● Advantages ● Applications Outline 2. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) ● What is it and why? 3. Integration of RFID & ● Components WSN ● Basic Mote and Node Components ● Introduction & Background ● Zig. Bee ● Current Market ● Limitations ● Technology involved ● Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocols ● Application/Examples ● Current and Future Application 4. Conclusions 2

RADIO-FREQUENCY INDENTIFICATION 3

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) ●Introduction ●RFID Components ●RFID Frequency ●Applications 4

Introduction of RFID ●RFID is Radio-frequency identification ● Uses electromagnetic fields to automatically and wirelessly identify tags attached to objects. ●The origins of RFID can be traced to World War II: uses to identify and track planes that could either be enemy or ally ●When Walmart introduced RFID system to it supply chain management system, RFID started to be popular and widely used. 5

RFID Components 6

RFID Components - Tag • • • Tags includes microchip, antenna , case, and battery (for active tags only) The size of the chip depends mostly on the Antenna size is dependent on the frequency the tag is using. To the Microchip, some tags also have rewritable memory attached where the tag can store updates between reading cycles or new data like serial numbers. 7

RFID Components - Tag • Passive: no power source and no transmitter, therefore rely on the power induced by the reader. • Active: on-board battery and periodically transmits ID signal • Semi-Active: works like passive tags but needs incorporate a battery 8

RFID Components - Reader • • • A RFID reader is a device that used to communicate with RFID tags Incorporates a decoding section and transmitter/receiver unit Contains real time processor, operating system, virtual portable memory, some systems are Ethernet compatible in order to communicate with the host computer 9

RFID Components – System ●A Passive Reader Active Tag (PRAT): passive reader and receives radio signals from active tags ●An Active Reader Passive Tag (ARPT): active reader and receives authentication replies from passive tags. ●An Active Reader Active Tag (ARAT): uses active tags awoken with an interrogator signal from the active reader. 10

RFID Frequency Band Advantage Disadvantage Low (9 -135 Khz) This band is open to the vast The read range is limited majority of countries and does not (Within 1. 5 meters) involve legal openness and enforcement of applications 1. Management of pet 2. Security System Intermediate (13. 56 Mhz) 1. High acceptance frequency band 2. Can run normally in the most of the environment 1. Library management 2. Trailer tracking 3. Identification card 4. Air baggage or electronic check High (300 -1200 Mhz) (2. 45 - 5. 8 Gzh) 1. The read range is more than 1. 5 1. Not allowed for meters commercial use in some 2. Not noise sensitive European countries 2. Expensive tags 3. High reading speed 1. May not work properly if near metal objects 2. The read range is around 1. 5 meters Application 1. The material inventory system of the workshop 2. Truck and trailer tracking 3. Highway toll collection system 11

RFID Application – Access Control ● ● Tag can be attached on Badges or Cars Check the person/car who holds ID has access 12

RFID Application – Supply Chain Management ●Solve the impractical use manual labor to collect data ●Tags can attach to items or materials ● Monitor and manage the movement of the products ●Provide brand protection – unique numbers and info of the chain custody 13

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 14

WHAT IS WSN & WHY LEARN ABOUT WSN? BASICALLY: Sensor electronics & Wireless data networking. WHY LEARN IT? It’s an important aspect Io. T market is expect to reach $35 billion by 2021 http: //www. fiercewireless. com/tech/industrial-wireless-sensing-iot-market-to-reach-35 b-by-2021 -report THAT’S WORTH LEARNING THE BASICS! Team: Katie Pietranek, Liya Chiu, Saibal Roy and Yusup Kamel (MSIT: Wireless - 413) 15

WSN: BASIC COMPONENTS MOTES End Nodes that contain the radio & sensory devices. CENTRAL NODE TERMINAL PROGRAM: To communicate w/Mote Radios • Information Clustering & Computing INTERCONNECTING NETWORK OF MOTES & CENTRAL NODE Most Common typology: Mesh & P 2 P communications 16 Team: Katie Pietranek, Liya Chiu, Saibal Roy and Yusup Kamel (MSIT: Wireless - 413)

WSN: RADIO COMPONENTS • Antenna • Microcontroller: Runs configurable firmware that performs Wireless Standard Based Communication & Networking • Local Area Networks (LAN) • Personal Area Network (PAN) • 802. 15. 4 (P 2 P) • Other utility function like Addressing & Security • Electrical Interface Component Usually an integrated circuit (IC) w/ pins that provide interface for. . . • I/O, Batteries, grounding, Sensory Electronics & RFID 17

Zig. Bee Teamwork! It’s worth knowing… Zig. Bee Alliance Team! Zig. Bee Protocol & Tread Protocol Streamlining! Interoperability! Zig. Bee/IEEE 802. 15. 4: MESH Bigger Team! Zig. Bee in the Market Bigger World Wide Team! 18

EXAMPLE OF ELECTRONIC SENSORS 19

WSN: LIMITATIONS Limitations: - Accuracy: Let’s look at the bright side: - Moore’s Law: Sensor readings CPU with low power requirements in a small size. GPS Sensor ~ 2. 8 meters Humidity Sensor (Accuracy of ± 5%) - Transceivers: Wireless devices are becoming smaller, cheaper, and less power. - Interference: Environments (i. e. elements= rain, snow, wind) - Wireless sensor nodes: - Research in Materials Science: Resulted in sensing materials for Chemical, Biological, & Physical sensing tasks Processing power - Power Little storage, Communication range Minimal battery/energy. Passive power sources such as solar or vibration energy, are expanding application options source improvements in batteries: 20

Medium Access Control (MAC) MAC : Controls when & how each node can transmit in the wireless channel Why do we need MAC? --> collision avoidance – Controls the access of shared medium (wireless channel) – Wireless channels are shared among different nodes a. 1 node access the shared channel at a time b. 2 nodes send packet at the same time, both packet will drop – Controls / regulates usage of channels – Radios transmitting in the same frequency band interfere with each other – collisions – Other shared medium examples: Ethernet 21

Where is my MAC? • Network model from Internet [Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model (OSI)] The LLC sub-layer Acts as an interface between * The Media access control (MAC) sub-layer and * The Network layer. The MAC layer Normally considered as a sub-layer of the data link layer in the network protocol stack. Team: Katie Pietranek, Liya Chiu, Saibal Roy and Yusup Kamel (MSIT: Wireless - 413) 22

MAC in Wireless Wired link – Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection – send as soon as the medium is free, listen into the medium if a collision occurs (original method in IEEE 802. 3) Wireless – Signal strength decreases in proportional to at least square of the distance – Collision detection only at receiver – Half-duplex mode – Furthermore, CS is not possible after propagation range Team: Katie Pietranek, Liya Chiu, Saibal Roy and Yusup Kamel (MSIT: Wireless - 413) 23

Current - WSN - Manufacturing: Hydraulic used in forklifts, Machinery, etc. - Aerospace: Airplanes (contains liquid level sensors in thermo wells to help protect temperature pressure) - Healthcare and the Food, Beverage & Grocery Industries: smart refrigeration to control temperature, avoid spoilage, energy consumptions - Crime Prevention: Smart cameras equipped with sensors in identifying, aggregating & alerting the authorities in fighting crime [East Orange, NJ (Crime = -2/3, 2003); - Automotive: Front & back-up sensors 24

Future (and more) - WSN - Crime Prevention: 100 Sensors, Smartphones, Squad Cars = gunshot identification [Chicago Police Department (February 2017). - Connected Cars / Autonomous Driving: Waymo (Alphabet) = Chrysler Pacifica (cost savings of 90% by building in-house sensors 3 -D = ~$75 K), (February 2017). - Connected Devices: Fitbit, Gamins, Smartphones, to help track body movements & vitals. - Health and fitness: Lingerie / Sports bra for women. (tracks heartbeat & breathing rhythms). - Other application: Insurance, Digital Maps 25

RFID and WSNs Integration 26

Integration of RFID and WSN Below table shows fundamental technology differences between RFID and WSNs. Team: Katie Pietranek, Liya Chiu, Saibal Roy and Yusup Kamel (MSIT: Wireless - 413) 27

Requirements for integrating RFID and WSNs ●Accurate and reliable communication ●Energy efficiency ●Network maintenance survivability Team: Katie Pietranek, Liya Chiu, Saibal Roy and Yusup Kamel (MSIT: Wireless - 413) 28

Architecture of integrated RFID and Sensor Networks Team: Katie Pietranek, Liya Chiu, Saibal Roy and Yusup Kamel (MSIT: Wireless - 413) 29

GO Team: Katie Pietranek, Liya Chiu, Saibal Roy and Yusup Kamel (MSIT: Wireless - 413) Taken from United States Patent Application Publication Number US 2015/0012396 AI

Team: Katie Pietranek, Liya Chiu, Saibal Roy and Yusup Kamel (MSIT: Wireless - 413) 31

Team: Katie Pietranek, Liya Chiu, Saibal Roy and Yusup Kamel (MSIT: Wireless - 413) 32

Team: Katie Pietranek, Liya Chiu, Saibal Roy and Yusup Kamel (MSIT: Wireless - 413) 33

CONCLUSION opportunity 34

Jiobit: for kids GENIUS TECH WRITER SAYS: “Somehow. I am a tech guy and I still don't fully understand it after sitting through briefings” “The founders are very smart Motorola guys” $3 Million dollars! 35

NOT EXACTLY WSN OR RFID TECHNOLOGY. . . SO WHY AM I BRINGING THIS UP? What I thought when I saw this post. ……. I was intimidated! BUT THEN I DISCOVERED WHAT IM GOING TO SHARE WITH YOU ON THE NEXT SLIDES *You don’t need to ba a “very smart motorola guy” (ok, maybe a little) *And may it’s you that wants the $3 million investor! 36

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WSN PROTOTYPING FOR < $100 VENDORS • ZIGBEE RADIOS & OTHER HARDWARE • • Digi International: digi. com Make SHED: makershed. com • FIRMWARE: FREE: X-CTU • SENSORY ELECTRONICS: Spark. Fun • TERMINAL SOFTWARE (For windows) • FREE: Cool. Term or Tera. Term • How to book. S 38

TYPES OF ELECTRONIC SENSORS 39

Zigbee Series 2 Antenna With microchip that enables standard-based Zig. Bee mesh networking. Examples of sensory electronics that you plug into specific pins on the breadboard Adapter to computer (configuring) BREAKOUT BOARD (used to plug Zig. Bee into standard breadboard BREADBOARD: a board for making an experimental model of an electric circuit 40

GETTING MORE COMPLICATED: ADDING EVALUATION BOARDS AND MORE BELLS AND WHISTLES 41

REFERENCES: RFID ● ● ● ● 1. RFID Handbook Application, Technology, Security, Privacy – Syed Ahson, Mohammad Ilyas 2. RFID Toys: Cool Projects for Home, Office and Entertainment 3. RFID For Dummies by Patrick J. Sweeney II 4. https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification 5. http: //www. nedapidentification. com/news/insights/understanding-the-confusingworld-of-rfid-tags-and-readers-in-access-control. html 7. https: //www. vizinexrfid. com/rfid-applications-in-supply-chain-management/ 8. https: //sites. google. com/site/rfiddianzibiaoqian/rfid-yuan-li Team: Katie Pietranek, Liya Chiu, Saibal Roy and Yusup Kamel (MSIT: Wireless - 413) 42

References WSN ● ● ● 1) http: //www. tfb. edu. mk/amarkoski/WSN/Kniga-w 02 2) https: //www. smartindustry. com/industrynews/2017 -2/35 -billion-industrial-wireless-sensing-iot-market-by-2021/ 3) “Building Wirelesss Sensor Networks “ by Robert Faludi, 2011 Robert Faludi Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc 4) http: //www. rhyshaden. com/osi. htm 5) https: //programmingelectronics. com/what-is-a-breakout-board-for-arduino/ 6) https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/OSI_model 7) http: //www. fiercewireless. com; sensor platform & internet-things 8) https: //icsw. nhtsa. gov/safercar/v 2 v/ 9) https: //www. nhtsa. gov/press-releases/us-dot-advances-deployment-connected-vehicle-technology-prevent-hundredsthousands 10) https: //www. bloomberg. com/news/articles/2017 -01 -03/it-s-aye-robot-as-driverless-cars-finally-steer-near-showrooms 11) Wireless Sensor Networks: Technology, Protocols, and Applications, by Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, and Taieb Znati. Copyright # 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 12) Medium Access Control in Wireless Sensor Networks (/ISI TECHNICAL REPORT ISI-TR-580, OCTOBER 2003), Wei Ye and John Heidemann Team: Katie Pietranek, Liya Chiu, Saibal Roy and Yusup Kamel (MSIT: Wireless - 413) 43

References: Integration ●[1]. Zhang/RFIDand. Sensor. Networks AU 7777_C 018, Chapter 18 ●[2]. Taxonomy and Challenges of the Integration of RFID and Wireless Sensor Networks by Hai Liu, Hong Kong Baptist University Miodrag Bolic and Amiya Nayak, University of Ottawa Ivan Stojmenovic ’, University of Ottawa and The University of Birmingham, IEEE Network • November/December 2008 ●[3]. United States Patent Application Publication Number US 2015/0012396 AI, Pub Date: 01/08/2015 ● Team: Katie Pietranek, Liya Chiu, Saibal Roy and Yusup Kamel (MSIT: Wireless - 413) 44