Wir schaffen Wissen heute fr morgen Paul Scherrer

Wir schaffen Wissen – heute für morgen Paul Scherrer Institut Ching-Ju Tsai, Bill Pedrini, Cameron M. Kewish, Bruce Patterson, Rafael Abela, Gebhard Schertler, Xiao-Dan Li 2 D Membrane Protein Diffraction Swiss. FEL Workshop, 21. 11. 2011

Scanning Diffract and destroy acquisition of diffraction images SAMPLE Ysam Xsam Swiss. FEL Workshop, 21. 11. 2011 Page 2

Diffraction images “Traditional” 2 D crystallography 2 D crystal ptychography SAMPLE 2 1 C. M. Kewish et al. , New J. of Phys. 12, 035005 (2010) Swiss. FEL Workshop, 21. 11. 2011 Page 3

Experimental setup 200 - 500 mm Focusing optics ~ 200 mm 400− 1000 mm qmax ~ 30º SAMPLE 1Å c Ysam f Z X, Y Vacuum chamber Swiss. FEL Workshop, 21. 11. 2011 Page 4

Requirements Microfocus c Ysam Focusing optics SAMPLE Swiss. FEL Workshop, 21. 11. 2011 Page 5

Requirements Microfocus c Ysam Focusing optics ultrasmall focus 2 D ptych. Swiss. FEL Workshop, 21. 11. 2011 SAMPLE Page 6

Requirements Microfocus 2 D ptych. coherent pixels c Ysam Focusing optics ultrasmall focus 2 D ptych. Swiss. FEL Workshop, 21. 11. 2011 SAMPLE Page 7

Requirements sample positioning Microfocus 2 D ptych. coherent pixels c Ysam Focusing optics ultrasmall focus 2 D ptych. Swiss. FEL Workshop, 21. 11. 2011 SAMPLE Page 8

Requirements Parameter Unit Beam parameters Energy ke. V stability Bandwidth Beam position Requirement stability 2 D ptych. 0. 05 % ultrasmall % 0. 05 < ± 10 % bw focus Beam size mm Photons per pulse Pulse length #ph stability >8 fs < 0. 5 mm 0. 2 / 1− 2 (microfocus) > 1011 < ± 10 % < 50 fs stability --- Pulse arrival time stability fs Beam parameter changes during experiment Energy range / step e. V rate e. V / min --- Beam size (microfocus only) Pulse length Beam geometry Swiss. FEL Workshop, 21. 11. 2011 ----- range / step mm --- rate mm / min --- range / step --- rate --- Motivation / Remarks Diffraction at biomolecules If not possible: single shot spectrometer 0. 2 nm resolution @ l = 1 Å Few unit cells illuminated Maximal flux wished Diffract and destroy regime required Pulse length should remain < 50 fs Not an issue Energy adjusted only during setup Focus size adjusted only during setup Pulse length adjusted only during setup Page 9

Requirements Parameter Unit Beam parameters Energy Requirement ke. V stability Bandwidth Beam position stability Beam size Photons per pulse Pulse length stability >8 0. 05 % % 0. 05 < ± 10 % bw < 0. 5 mm 0. 2 / 1− 2 mm (microfocus) #ph photon > 1011 number < ± 10 % fs < 50 fs stability --- Pulse arrival time stability fs Beam parameter changes during experiment Energy range / step e. V rate e. V / min --- Beam size (microfocus only) Pulse length Beam geometry Swiss. FEL Workshop, 21. 11. 2011 ----- range / step mm --- rate mm / min --- range / step --- rate --- Motivation / Remarks Diffraction at biomolecules If not possible: single shot spectrometer 0. 2 nm resolution @ l = 1 Å Few unit cells illuminated Maximal flux wished Diffract and destroy regime required Pulse length should remain < 50 fs Not an issue Energy adjusted only during setup Focus size adjusted only during setup Pulse length adjusted only during setup Page 10

Requirements Parameter Unit Beam parameters Energy stability Bandwidth Beam position stability Requirement longitudinal ke. V coherence 2 D ptych. % Beam size mm Photons per pulse Pulse length #ph stability fs >8 0. 05 % 0. 05 < ± 10 % bw < 0. 5 mm 0. 2 / 1− 2 (microfocus) > 1011 < ± 10 % < 50 fs stability --- Pulse arrival time stability fs Beam parameter changes during experiment Energy range / step e. V rate e. V / min --- Beam size (microfocus only) Pulse length Beam geometry Swiss. FEL Workshop, 21. 11. 2011 ----- range / step mm --- rate mm / min --- range / step --- rate --- Motivation / Remarks Diffraction at biomolecules If not possible: single shot spectrometer 0. 2 nm resolution @ l = 1 Å Few unit cells illuminated Maximal flux wished Diffract and destroy regime required Pulse length should remain < 50 fs Not an issue Energy adjusted only during setup Focus size adjusted only during setup Pulse length adjusted only during setup Page 11

Requirements Parameter Unit Beam parameters Energy Requirement ke. V >8 stability Bandwidth Beam position stability 0. 05 % % Beam size mm Photons per pulse Pulse length #ph stability 0. 05 < ± 10 % bw < 0. 5 mm 0. 2 / 1− 2 (microfocus) > 1011 < ± 10 % fs < 50 fs stability --- Pulse arrival time stability fs Beam parameter changes during experiment Energy range / step e. V rate e. V / min --- Beam size (microfocus only) Pulse length Beam geometry Swiss. FEL Workshop, 21. 11. 2011 ----- range / step mm --- rate mm 2 D/ ptych. min --- range / step rate transverse coherence ----- Motivation / Remarks Diffraction at biomolecules If not possible: single shot spectrometer 0. 2 nm resolution @ l = 1 Å Few unit cells illuminated Maximal flux wished Diffract and destroy regime required Pulse length should remain < 50 fs Not an issue Energy adjusted only during setup Focus size adjusted only during setup Pulse length adjusted only during setup Page 12