Winter Tree Identification Evergreens Conifers Leaves are needles

Winter Tree Identification

Evergreens (Conifers) Leaves are needles or scalelike Leaves stay on Tree year round Fruit is a cone Sap has “antifreeze” Deciduous Leaves are flat with veins Leaves fall off tree in autumn Fruits vary

How to Identify Conifers • Are leaves needle or scalelike? • Are needles in a bundle or do they grow singly? • How many needles are in a bundle? • Do leaves fall off in autumn?

Scalelike Leaves Eastern red cedar Northern white cedar

Needles in Bundles Eastern White Pine Jack Pine

Single Needles Colorado blue spruce

Leaf Arrangement in Deciduous Trees Opposite Leaves Alternate Leaves Whorled Leaves

Trees with Opposite Leaves MAD Horse Buck (and Viburnum) Maple Ash Dogwood Horse Chestnut Buckeye Viburnum

Trees with Alternate Leaves Everything else… Oak Beech Hickory Aspen Elm Hackberry Etc….

Simple vs. Compound

Twig Anatomy

Maple (Acer sp. ) Twigs/Buds Sugar Maple Silver Maple

Maple (Acer sp. ) Bark Sugar Maple Silver Maple

Ash (Fraxinus sp. ) Twigs Black Ash White Ash Green Ash

Ash (Fraxinus sp. ) Bark White Ash Green Ash

Peanut Butter Colored Large Bud Ohio Buckeye (Aesculus glabra) Hexagonal Pith Opposite Leaf Scars Light Gray Bark

Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) Fruit Chambered Pith Bud and Leaf Scar (Monkey Face)

Birches (Betula sp. ) Mature bark of River Birch Young bark of River Birch Bark of Paper Birch

Hickories (Carya sp. ) Shagbark Hickory Bitternut (or Yellow-bud) Hickory

Catalpa (Catalpa speciosa) Whorled Leaf Scars Bark Fruit

Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) Bud – Hairy Pseudoterminal Bud Angled Warty Bark in Young Trees

American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) Spiky Fruit Smooth, Silvery Bark Bud – Long, Narrow Cigar

Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) Fruit Bud – One Scale Distinctive Flaky Bark

Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) Blocky Bark Bud – Imbricate Scales, Shiny and Large

Basswood (Tilia americana) Bud – Smiling Shark Mature Bark – Deep Fissures Young Bark – Smooth

Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) Paired Thorns on Twig Bark – Deep Fissures

Oaks (Quercus sp. ) White Oak Red Oak

Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) Young Bark (horizontal lenticels) Mature Bark

Field Guides and Resources Trees of Wisconsin website http: //www. uwgb. edu/biodiversity/herbarium/trees/tree_intro 01. htm