Winter Olympic Games 8 Winter Olympic Games Major

Winter Olympic Games Шестаков Николай 8 М

• Winter Olympic Games- Major international competitions in winter sports that are held once every four years under the auspices of the International Olympic Committee. Winter Olympic Games were started in 1924 as a supplement to the Summer Games. • From 1924 to 1992 Winter Olympic Games were held in the same years as the summer. • Since 1994 Winter Olympics are held with a shift in the 2 years of the Summer Olympic Games.

• Most winter sports originated in Europe and therefore have deep historical roots , because our ancestors , many of the skills used in today in sports was of great practical importance. So , unable to crosscountry skiing ancient hunter had almost no chance to catch up production , and the ability to skate and ski down the mountains quickly and without undue effort to overcome snowy or icy road. Perhaps this explains the fact that in the first Winter Olympic Games were primarily inherent everyday sports disciplines : cross-country skiing , skating , Nordic combined , ski jumping.

• Cross-Country Skiing - one of the most exciting , fast , exhilarating winter sports. • Pioneers of skiing appeared somewhere in the middle of the Stone Age. This is supported by drawings, discovered not so long ago in the Arctic, a place of retreat of glaciers. There on the walls of caves depict ancient hunters with something on his feet, very similar to skiing, on the heels of pursuing their prey. • At present, the most popular are the five types of ski techniques: • • Carving , radical carving , slalom Carvey - this technique gained popularity about five years ago. It is consistent alignment of cut corners on the slopes. Moreover, all directed at laying the arc and not decelerate. ? ? • Slalom , Ski Cross , Giant Slalom - sports skiing on prepared slopes. The lion's share of skis today made specifically for this type of descent. Radius side cut should be between 15 m. ? ? • Snowpark - a new school. Rather, it is not skating and flying with skis on their feet from unprepared slopes. Bought for this twin tip - skis with curved heels. ? ? • Freeride slopes with steep slopes. Skiing for this type generally are not suitable for skiing off-piste.

Jumping on the ski jumping • • To date, ski jumping from a springboard can be regarded as a specific winter sport , resulting in the XIX century. Now the sport's huge popularity , which recruited every year more and more. In this ever- changing and the rules of the jumps. In Olympics ski jumping from a springboard entered in 1924 and still amazes audiences with entertainment. Participate in this sport could previously only men. But after the women showed themselves , and set several records , the rules have changed a bit and even some women were admitted to the Winter Olympic Games.

Nordic Combined • • In 1912 February 19 , the first in the history of Russian sport competitions while jumping and ski race at a distance of 4. 2 km - Nordic Combined. As a sport Nordic Combined born in Norway in the late XIX century. Since the beginning of the XX century , spreading in several other countries , it was included in the program of the Nordic Games. This sport involves jumping and cross-country skiing. Competition , in which only men held over two days. The first day of competitions in ski jumping from the springboard 90 sq. On the second day 15 km race starts. The result is the sum of the scores obtained for the performance of both exercises.

freestyle • • • Freestyle, which means in English the word " freestyle ", appeared relatively recently and is today one of the youngest sports. In this form , what is today modern freestyle , the sport first appeared in 1971. Each of the athletes hit its special characteristic technique , each showing its accumulated a certain style , whereby the spectacle fight was just awesome. Someone excrete skiing dance steps , someone floating in the air with his arms spread wide like a bird , and someone was looking for the maximum all the jagged hills , hillocks and surface to hit all around his skill and unusual technique of passing all complex side of the track.

Snowboarding • • Snowboarding - a relatively new sport , is walking down the snowy slopes of the mountains and the special projectile - snowboarding. Snowboarding is subdivided into several varieties : ? ? • Sports - includes the following disciplines: boardercross , slalom, parallel slalom , giant slalom , parallel giant slalom and super-G. ? ? • Freeride - free descent on unprepared slopes from shallow to quite the coolest. ? ? • Freestyle - descent on a snowy highway prepared with the implementation of jumps and acrobatics. Freestyle includes a number of disciplines including halfpipe (halfpipe), Big Air (big-air), Slope -style (slope-style) , etc. ? ? • Frikarv. The main feature of this style - a very high speed. Therefore, snowboard should be long and hard , boots and bindings - only hard ( at high speed it helps keep cornering ). ? ? • jibbing. This style is different from all the usual styles as skating going around but snow : jibbers interested railings, benches and all the different faces.

biathlon • • The origin of its name , this popular Olympic winter sport obliged Greek words «bis» and «attlon» , meaning " Combined ". Biathlon includes cross-country skiing and target shooting. Moving on skis carried skating style. Defeat target size of 45 mm and 115 mm , comes from two positions - standing and lying by a small-caliber rifle. More acute competition gives that both exciting contests are closely linked , and each miss at the shooting athlete punishable penalty minutes or a 150 -meter jogging. Today, biathlon has five disciplines - individual race ( the oldest of all) , baton , mass start , pursuit race and sprint. Most recently adopted , included in the program only in 1998, is a mass start - a one-time best athletes start at a distance of 12. 5 kilometers for women and 15 km for men with four shooting.

figure skating • • • Figure skating - it's a winter sport in which skaters glide on skates on ice with performance art or sports elements to the music. In official competitions in figure skating, usually played four sets of medals: in women's figure skating , men's singles , pair skating , as well as in ice dancing. Figure skating is included in the program of the Olympic Winter Games Home to this beautiful sport yavlietsya Netherlands. It was in Holland, in the 13 -14 centuries. appeared first iron skates, which gave a powerful impetus to the development of all sports related skates. Russian figure skating was born in 1865. Public ice rink was opened in Yusupov garden, which soon became a training center for Russian skaters. At this rink March 5 , 1978. held its first contest Russian skaters , so to speak , the championship of Russia.

skating • • • The essence of the contest was simple - being on the ice closed the distance to overcome its fastest. The birthplace of the sport also became - UK, where they were held the first official competitions at the beginning of 1763. Speed Skating - one of the oldest sports. Most ancient skates discovered by archaeologists belonged kimeriytsam - nomadic tribe , who lived 3200 years ago in the Northern Black Sea. Skates are the main weapon of any athlete - skater. After all, it depends on their state competition result. Strong and powerful athlete in unprepared skating can not show good results. But great shoes and super skates is only part of the success. Skate blade - the knife is 40 -45 cm long and thick to some millimeter. No less attention is paid to the leather shoes, special reinforced fiberglass. Improving riding boots have become more solid , stiff along the entire length boots. Same integral component of the modern skater shoes and skates as is his " second skin " - racing suit. Completely encircle the body he must as carefully as possible the entire surface swift skater and athlete to a minimum to reduce air resistance. Best equipped for the most modern technological level laboratories in the world are complicated clock research in finding such supertkaney that will amaze our imagination sovey aerodynamic , subtlety krepostyui resistance. Really really - " second skin. "

Short track • • • Short Track - kind of speed skating , comprising Fastest overcoming competitive distance inside the ice rink ( roller circumference is 111. 12 meters). Since short-track speed skating is a kind , then he came not so long ago - in the beginning of the last century. Weather conditions often driven athletes in hockey boxes on the ice who could work and a sharp turn and sprint acceleration. In Turin, short track is presented in individual events and a relay race. Individual races are held at distances of 500 meters, 1, 000 meters and 1, 500 meters for men and women , and the relay is held at a distance of 5000 meters for men and 3, 000 meters for women. Wins the race of four people who will overtake rivals.

bobsled • • • Bobsled - it's downhill on a specially made ice track on a sleigh driven streamlined. Sled mounted on two pairs of runners front pair - mobile, back - fixed. Because of their shape, these sleds are often called " shell. " Toboggan sled equipped with steering wheel and brake. Bobsled is a glacial trough having different steepness turns. Bobsledding projectile speed during the descent along the route can reach 130 km / h Toboggan sleds are of two types - double and quadruple. In bobsledding has three positions: the steering , braking and pushing. Naturally, at the start of the All four serve as pushers.

skeleton • • • Skeleton (born skeleton, letters. - Skeleton , skeleton) , sport , representing the descent of the ice chute on dvuhpolozevyh sleigh on a reinforced frame , the winner will be determined by the sum of the two races. Skeleton is considered the progenitor of the descent from the mountains to the toboggan ( bespoloznyh wooden sleigh ) , common among Canadian Indians. Information about sports luge date from the middle of the XIX century , when the British tourists in the Swiss Alps began to descend on the sled on snowy mountain slopes. Skeleton is a sled with steel runners and a weighted frame, without steering , in which the athlete is headfirst into the direction of motion , face down, to control the sled using special spikes on shoes. In Russia, the skeleton has started to develop a few years ago. However, in 2001 the Russian sportsmen demonstrated brilliant results at major international tournaments.

Luge • Luge - it's downhill on one or double sleigh on a specially built track. Essence: sooner - the better. Athletes are placed on a sled on his back, feet first. Manage sleds made by means of bending rails.

Ice hockey • • • Ice hockey - sports game that runs on a special site filled with ice by two teams of six players. Goal of the game - to score the puck into the opponent's net. Hockey is often called the sport of space velocities. Puck flies over the area at high speed , rushing players , attack succeeds , then one , then the other goalkeeper parries Hurl. And everything is constantly repeated. The game is very tedious, every 40 - 50 seconds replacing. The puck hard to follow , and speed are increasing . The history of ice hockey is one of the most controversial of all sports. Traditionally considered his birthplace of Montreal. However , some of the XVI century Dutch paintings depicted not a few people playing on frozen water in the game similar to hockey. But despite this the birthplace of modern hockey is still considered Canada. March 3, 1875 in Montreal hosted the first hockey game indoors. Now , the Russian ice hockey team is considered one of the best in the world. She plays on par with countries such famous teams in the hockey world , such as Canada, Sweden, Finland , Switzerland , USA. We hope that at the Olympic Games in Sochi in 2014 , our team will show itself with nailuchee side and become a champion.

curling • Curling - this winter sport played on ice , in which two teams of four players compete in stopping accuracy at the specified location of special sports equipment ( the socalled stones ) made of granite. While sliding stone teammates , estimating its motion , rub the ice with special brushes that can partially correct the launch range and the trajectory of the stone. Trajectory correction occurs by simple physical laws : the friction ice melts , forming a thin film of water that serves as a lubricant reduces friction and scratching ice versa - the friction force increases and rock slides slowly.

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