WINNEBAGO TRIBE OF NEBRASKA By David Heim HISTORY

WINNEBAGO TRIBE OF NEBRASKA By David Heim

HISTORY THEN… • The most powerful tribe in the region • 1620 the French learned of the Winnebago • 1634 French sent Jean Nicollet • The Beaver Wars 1628 • French and Indian War (1755 -63) • Purchase of Louisiana Territory from France 1803 • One out of four died 1836 (Tribalpedia. com)

…HISTORY NOW • 1865 governmental acceptance • 1874 40, 000 acres were deeded by Omaha tribe • Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe Ho Chunk Nation- Pop. 7192 Winnebago Tribe of Neb. –Pop. 5260 (Tribalpedia. com)

WINNEBAGO CULTURE Beliefs, Customs, and Traditions Two Structural Patterns • • Upper and Lower groups The Clan Chief Upper Chief Lower (Tribalpedia. com) (Anonymous interview) • • Belief in wide variety of spirits Prayer for meetings, food, etc. Flag songs, powwows, drumming Native American Church Catholic or Lutheran church Farmers- corn, roots, berries, and squash. Fish, hunt deer and other small game

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PERSONAL BIASES/PREJUDICES/STEREOTYP ES • Childhood exposure • Native American Stereotypes • Meeting and befriending members of the Winnebago Tribe •

SOCIAL PROBLEMS • Four Directions • Complex Trauma • Historical Trauma • Issues negatively impacting families- domestic violence, substance abuse, sexual abuse, and generational poverty

REFERENCES • Tribalpedia. com • Anonymous Personal Interview • Native Advisory Meeting • Kaufman, Kirby. 2016. Winnebago Tribe seeks change to blood quantum requirement. Sioux City Journal. http: //siouxcityjournal. com/news/winnebagotribe-seeks-change-to-blood-quantum-requirement/article_46265 cb 7 -e 199554 d-b 61 c-123 aa 6724 c 80. html