Wines of North America 1 PROF KAREN GOODLAD

Wines of North America 1 PROF. KAREN GOODLAD FALL 2012 12/19/2021

Introduction: Prohibition 2 Alcohol production and distribution was illegal in the United States from 1920 -1933 Exception home production and use Prescriptions Affect on the wine industry Vineyards changed grape varieties and shipped to end user Wineries closed Not until the 1970’s did wine consumption reach pre -prohibition levels ~1. 5 gallons per capita 12/19/2021

Introduction: Prohibition 3 12/19/2021

Introduction: Prohibition 4 12/19/2021

Important Members of the CA Wine World Charles Krug Frank Schoonmaker Ernest and Julio Gallo Andre Tchelisticheff Warren Winiarski and Mike Grgich Robert Mondavi

Wine Production & Consumption 6 America is the worlds 4 th largest wine Producing Nation 1, Italy; 2, France; 3, Spain; 4, USA; 5, Argentina Within the US: 1, California; 2, Washington ; 3, NY; 4, Oregon America is Ranked 56 th in per capita World Wine Consumption First in overall consumption 90% of Wine in America is Consumed by 10% of the Population 12/19/2021

Labeling/Naming Wines Proprietary Labels Trademarked/Copy Write 7 Opus One, Dominus, Thunderbird Winery Name Stags Leap, Robert Mondavi Winery, Cakebread Varietals Chardonnay, Merlot… Generic Labels Meritage, Chablis, Burgundy… Other Estate Bottled, Reserve, Late Harvest, Botrytis For More Info: US Government Guide & Professional Friends of Wine 12/19/2021

Wine Laws 8 Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) Formerly known as the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF) American Viticultural Area (AVA) Geographically defined growing area Petition BATF Describe what makes the region different Soil, climate, microclimate, history, watertable, elevation… 1 st AVA Augusta, Missouri, 1980 As of October 2010 197 AVAs recorded in 35 different states 12/19/2021

Wine Laws 9 Varietal Name Wine must be 75% from the named variety In Oregon it is 90% (Cabernet Sauvignon is 75%) Place Name State 75% Exception: CA, WA, OR = 100% County 75% AVA 85% (Washington State 100%) Vintage 95% from that harvest Health Warning Sulfite Warning 12/19/2021

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California q. An Extensive Array of Wine for the World to Enjoy q. Ranges form jug wine to super premium q 85% of all vineyards and about 90% of all wine produced in the USA is produced in CA q 2 of every 3 bottles of wine sold in the US are from California

North Coast, ~15% of total CA Wine Production Notable AVAs Napa Valley, Sonoma Valley, Carneros, Oakville, Russian River Valley plus many more Climate: Varies dramatically Coastal regions have influence of fog Very warm interiors/valleys Microclimates on mountains Soil: Varies Notable Grape Varieties Cabernet Sauvignon and Bordeaux Blends, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Rhone Varietals

Napa Valley High Quality, Limited Quantity 4 -5% of total production Valley Floor Fog in AM and HOT in PM Clay soils with alluvial deposits, fertile Mayacamas Mountains to West Vaca Hills to the East Volcanic soils, drain well Cabernet Sauvignon Dominates

Carneros (Sub AVA of Napa Valley) South of Napa Valley Dense fog cools the climate significantly Flat terrain, varied soils Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

Sonoma Valley (A Rural Napa) Mayacamas Mountains to the East and Sonoma Mountains on the West Wide variety of styles of wine produced Planted on valley floor and rolling hills

San Francisco Bay Notable AVAs Livermore and Santa Cruz Climate Soil Grapes Note: Significant Urban Sprawl Has Limited Vineyard Acreage

Central Coast Notable AVAs Paso Robles, Santa Ynez Valley Climate: Varies Coastal Influences Can be cool and windy in the north and warm and arid in the south Soil: Varies Grapes: Rhône Valley Varietals

Sierra Foot. Hills No significant AVAs Climate Soil Grapes Note: Grapes first planted here during Gold Rush of the 1850 s.

Central Valley Notable AVAs: Lodi Climate Soil: Varies Grapes: 60% of total CA Production Zinfandel, Sauvignon Blanc and Rhone Valley Varietals Bulk, non varietal significant grapes

New York State 20 3 rd Largest Wine Producing State 9 AVAs, 230 Wineries as of 10/10 Climate Cool, Danger of Frost in Spring & Fall Moderating Effects of Large Bodies of Water Create Micro Climates Dominant Grape Varieites 80% Vitis Labrusca: 33%Concord, Catawba, Niagara ~15% Vitis Vinifera of mostly Bordeaux Varieties Low Yields For More Info: Uncork New York 12/19/2021

NYS AVAs 21 Lake Erie AVA Niagara Escarpment AVA Finger Lakes AVA Cayuga Lake AVA Seneca Lake AVA Hudson River AVA North Fork, Long Island AVA Hamptons, Long Island AVA 12/19/2021

Washington 22 Washington Wine Commission 100% from AVA, 100% variety on label No additives to change color, flavor, aroma Reserve: 3000 cases or 10% of total wine production No generic labeling 11 AVAs Stimson Lane = ~2/3 of WA state production: Chateau St. Michelle (important sparkling wine producer), Columbia Crest Partnership with Antinori (famous for Super Tuscans) growing Sangiovese and Cabernet for blending 12/19/2021

Washington 23 Cascade Mountains West significant Rainfall, more moderate temperatures East less rainfall, warmer days, cooler nights 100º days 40º nights irrigation is necessary Long daylight hours Dominant Grape Varieties Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Riesling, Syrah 12/19/2021

Selection of Washington AVAs 24 Columbia Valley AVA (W & O) 6 Sub Appellations as of 10/10 Walla Valley AVA (W & O) Sub Appellation of Columbia Valley AVA Less than ½ % of total vineyards Yakima Valley AVA Sub Appellation of Columbia Valley AVA 40% of Washington’s vineyards Red Mountain AVA Sub Appellation of Columbia Valley AVA One of the Smallest Appellation Horse Heaven Hills AVA 12/19/2021

Oregon 25 Think Pinot Noir Most Farm Using Sustainable & Environmentally Friendly Practices Climate Maritime Dominant Grape Varieties Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay 12/19/2021

Oregon’s AVAs 26 Columbia Valley AVA (W & O) Walla Valley AVA (W & O) Willamette Valley AVA largest, 75% of production Chehalem Mountains Umpqua Valley AVA Dundee Hills AVA Rogue Valley AVA Applegate AVA 12/19/2021

Comparison of Washington & Oregon 27 Washington Oregon East Cascade Mts. West Cascade Mts. Irrigation No Irrigation Continental Maritime 2021 Hours of Sunshine and More Heat Good for Thick Skin Varietal 1660 Hours of Sunshine Better for Thin Skin Varietals 24% Chardonnay 22%Cabernet Sauvignon 21% Merlot 23% Other (Trend Toward Sangiovese) 53% Pinot Noir 13% Pinot Gris 9% Chardonnay 25% Other 540 Wineries More than 300 wineries 12/19/2021

Terms to Know 28 Prohibition TTB AVA Labeling Laws 12/19/2021