Wind Power and Physics on turbulence wind farms

Wind Power and Physics: on turbulence, wind farms and complex networks WIND TURBINE FARM Corporate Research & Technology GRID Wind-farm optimization Wind + Solar power grid Turbulence modeling Copyright © Siemens AG 2009

$1. 1 Turbulence modeling of wind fields: a multifractal approach from Statistical Physics external$

1. 1 Turbulence modeling of wind fields: a multifractal approach from Statistical Physics external wind conditions affect structural loading, durability and operation of wind turbines. Seite 2 03. 2009 Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg © Siemens AG, Corporate Technology

1. 2 Standard (IEC 61400) normal turbulence modeling I time trace von Karman spectrum: 5/3 law L=50 m, Δx=1 m Seite 3 03. 2009 Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg © Siemens AG, Corporate Technology

1. 3 Standard normal turbulence modeling II Gaussian standard normal turbulence model non-intermittent L=50 m, Δx=1 m l = 1024 m, 32 m, 8 m, 1 m non-Gaussian observed atmospheric boundary layer Seite 4 03. 2009 Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg intermittent © Siemens AG, Corporate Technology

$1. 4 Multifractal extension of standard normal turbulence modeling I multifractal energy cascade Novikov’$

1. 4 Multifractal extension of standard normal turbulence modeling I multifractal energy cascade Novikov’ 71 Benzi+Paladin+ Parisi+Vulpiani‘ 84 hierarchy of scales random multiplication Seite 5 03. 2009 Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg © Siemens AG, Corporate Technology

$1. 5 Multifractal extension of standard normal turbulence modeling II Seite 6 03. 2009$

1. 5 Multifractal extension of standard normal turbulence modeling II Seite 6 03. 2009 Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg © Siemens AG, Corporate Technology

$1. 6 Wind traces: standard / real / multifractal Seite 7 03. 2009 Greiner$

1. 6 Wind traces: standard / real / multifractal Seite 7 03. 2009 Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg © Siemens AG, Corporate Technology

1. 7 Wind gust correlations correlation length ≈ 30 -50 m, correlation time ≈ 5 -10 sec length of rotor blade ≈ 40 m Seite 8 03. 2009 Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg © Siemens AG, Corporate Technology

$1. 8 More multifractal modeling: from wind traces to wind fields turbine loads blade$

1. 8 More multifractal modeling: from wind traces to wind fields turbine loads blade design new standard JOCHEN CLEVE (SIEMENS WP) KLAUS BISS (U GIESSEN) JÜRGEN SCHMIEGEL (U ÅRHUS) OLE BARNDORFF-NIELSEN PLA 320 (2004) 247 EPJB 63 (2008) 109 Seite 9 03. 2009 Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg © Siemens AG, Corporate Technology

2. 1 WIND FARM OPTIMIZATION Seite 10 03. 2009 Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg © Siemens AG, Corporate Technology

2. 2 Wind-farm modeling: single / multiple wake flow Seite 11 03. 2009 Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg © Siemens AG, Corporate Technology

2. 3 Model-based optimization + control wind-farm model + turbine tables powerpitch control Seite 12 03. 2009 Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg © Siemens AG, Corporate Technology

2. 4 Wind farm optimization II: theoretical results annual energy production Nysted: 72 x 2. 3 MW (fixed speed) Lillegrund: 48 x 2. 3 MW (variable speed) Seite 13 03. 2009 Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg © Siemens AG, Corporate Technology

2. 5 Experiments (swap test) Nysted (Dong): ongoing Lillegrund (Vattenfall): planned JOCHEN CLEVE (SIEMENS WP) EMIL HEDEVANG (U ÅRHUS) Seite 14 03. 2009 Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg © Siemens AG, Corporate Technology

3. 1 Transmission Grid with Wind + Solar generation: physics of complex networks CT + ISET 66 GW (2007) 227 GW 75 GW (2020) WIND 5 GW (2007) 68 GW 14 GW (2020) PV WEPROG data: 2000 – 2007, 1 h, 45 x 45 km² Seite 15 03. 2009 394 GW (2007) LOAD Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg © Siemens AG, Corporate Technology

3. 2 Green EU (>2020): upscaling of wind + solar power generation standard deviation of Δ(t) = W(t) + PV(t) – L(t) as a function of § s. RES = <W+PV> / <L> § s. PV = <PV> / <W+PV> Wind: W(t) / cap. W PV: PV(t) / cap. PV Load: L(t) - <L> Seite 16 03. 2009 Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg © Siemens AG, Corporate Technology

3. 3 Transport and storage Seite 17 03. 2009 Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg © Siemens

3. 4 Others are thinking in the same direction Seite 18 03. 2009 Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg © Siemens AG, Corporate Technology

Corporate Research and Technologies Internationales Netzwerk der Kompetenzen – weltweiter Partner für Innovationen Ceramics Innovative Electronics Analytic s Coatings & Functional Materials & Microsensors Polymers Microsystems Power Electronics & Energy Electromagnetic Machine Vision Management & Systems & Nondestructive Superconductivi Testing ty Actuators & Power & Sensor Control Fuel Cells Systems Energy Conversion Wireless Sensors & & RF Technology Environment Sensor Systems Knowledge Management Professional Learning Systems Speech Processing Security Information & User Interface Communicatio Design Networks & ns Intelligent Multimedia Production. Network Autonomous Communications s& Systems Mechatronic. Factory Planning Computer Service Lifecycle Emergency Manageme Response Team Consulting Design to Prototype Packaging & Assembly Chemic Advanced Materials. Dependabl Thermoe Gas. Dynamics CT Russia. Systems Embedded Robust Linux Communicati Fault. Information on Analysis & Development. Broker Channels Prevention Architectur Techniques e Software & Software Systems Engineering Engineerin System and Engineerin Discrete Production nt Tech Software Automation & g g Data Network Optimization Processes Switching nical Risk Technology Softwar Technology. Manageme e CT China Virtual Project Management Radio Access nt to-Business Initiative and Innovation Design Manufacturing Technology & Emerging Centers Solutions Program Engineering Interaction Design & Technology Software Imaging & Automation Engineering Code Visualization & Control Network Siemens Professional Software Quality Technology & Information Integrated Speech Processing Technology Engineeri Managem Systems Data ng ent Siemens Systems Accelerator Technologies CT India Roke Manor for User Interface Corporate Embedded Emerging Design Research 1) Systems Hardware Systems Research Knowledge Markets Center Strategic Engineerin Wireless and Radar Distributed Intelligent Management g Technology Systems for Imaging Marketing Vision CT Office & Real-Time Tokyo Reasoning Vision 1) fachlich Corporate Technology zugeordnet & Modeling Seite 19 03. 2009 al Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg © Siemens AG, Corporate Technology

Thank you! martin. greiner@siemens. com Seite 20 03. 2009 Greiner @ DPG_AKEnergie_Hamburg © Siemens AG, Corporate Technology