Wind Energy System By Andy Brown Basheer Qattum

Wind Energy System By: Andy Brown, Basheer Qattum & Ali Gokal Advisors: Dr. Na & Dr. Huggins

Outline Introduction Hardware Software Results Future Steps

History of Wind Energy Utilization

ADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER Wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured efficiently Wind does not cause green house gases or other pollutants Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of land Excellent source for remote areas not connected to a grid Wind turbines have a role to play in both the developed and third world Available in a range of sizes meaning a vast range of people and businesses can use them Environmentally Friendly Economically Competitive

Goals Output maximum power despite fluctuating wind conditions. Utilize power electronics to perform conversions Successfully implement a DSP board to have a greater degree of control over our system to harness optimal energy To create a system that is applicable with real world industry

Functional Requirements (Hardware) • Shall be able to produce. 75 kilowatt but not more then 5 kilowatts • Shall be able to convert wind power to single phase AC power • Must be able to maximize wind power conversion

Wind-Electric Systems Induction Generators, Directly Connected to the Grid Doubly-Fed, Wound Rotor Induction Generators Power Electronics Connected Generator

Top Level Diagram

Functional Description Sub Systems • Generator • Diode Rectifier • Boost Converters • Inverter

Brushless DC Motor Due to complications with size and Lab requirements, PMSG still. Max Current 5. 4 A Max Speed 3600 RPM Max Voltage 160 V Max Power 750 W

Brushless DC Motor Frequency 5 20 40 60 80 100 120 RPM 150 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600 3 -phase-to-neutral 2. 4 19. 5 40. 5 61 82 87 104 ɳ=(120*f)/(poles)

Brushless DC Motor

Three-Phase Diode Rectifier Output of DC generator after 3 phase diode rectifier w/1. 5 m. F Cap Max Peak Voltage 1600 V Max Peak Current Max Current 25 A Max Voltage 600 V V = I*R VDiode) P = I*V 300 A Vo=(1. 35 Vin – ɳ=(120*f)/(poles) Value of capacitor to ensure clear signal C=(Vp/2*f*Vr) =534μF Therefore we used 1. 5 m. F

Three-Phase Diode Rectifier VINRMS VOUT SIMULATION VOUT THEORICIAL PERCENT ERROR 10 14. 1 13. 5 4. 44 20 28. 5 27 5. 56 40 56. 5 54 4. 63 60 84. 5 87 4. 2 80 113 108 4. 07 120 169. 5 162 4. 63 Vin = 64. 0 V Vo = 84. 0 V Io = 961 m. A Speed = 3000 RPM R = 88Ω P = 80. 72 W

Three-Phase Diode Rectifier Output of DC generator after 3 phase diode rectifier w/o Cap Current DC Voltage Vo = 85. 0 V Io = 964 m. A Speed = 3000 RPM

Three-Phase Diode Rectifier Output of DC generator after 3 phase diode rectifier w/1. 5 m. F Cap DC Voltage 3φ Voltage Vin = 64. 0 V Vo = 84. 0 V Io = 961 m. A Speed = 3000 RPM

Interleaved Boost Converter

Boost Converter V Input Duty-Cycle Freq Vout-exp Vout-actual 5 20% 30000 6. 25 7. 5 5 40% 30000 8. 33 9. 01 5 60% 30000 12. 5 5 80% 30000 25. 0 24. 25 Vo=Vin/(1 -D), or for more accurate values, Vo= {[(VIn-VIGBT*D)/(1 -D)] – VDiode} IGBT: Switching Freq up to 300 k. Hz Max voltage at 600 V Max current at 60 A

Boost Converter

Gate Driver Most time consuming part of Boost converter

Gate Driver • • Gate to emitter (pulse) ± 30 V Gate to emitter (cont) ± 20 V Max Gate Current ± 250 u. A Gate driver output +18 V 120/14 VAC-RMS 17. 89 VDC Output up too 600 V Current up to 2 A Shutdown mode for protection

Gate Driver

Software

Functional Description

DSP Board - TI TMS 320 F 2812 PWM Generation 16 -Bit 16 PWM outputs 0 V – 3. 3 V ADC 12 -Bit Analog Input: 0 V - 3 V

Controller Implementation Process SIMULINK DSP CODE COMPOSER

Testing Circuit Single Channel Boost Converter

Simulation Open-Loop Controller

Testing Circuit Open Loop Controller

Testing Hardware Output Results

Testing Hardware Output • Duty Cycle: 20% • Input Voltage: 5. 00 V • Output Voltage: 6. 00 V

Voltage Controller Simulation

Voltage Controller

Voltage Controller Output

Voltage-Current Controller Simulation

Voltage-Current Controller

Boost Converter Controller VS. Interleaved Boost Controller

Interleaved Boost Converter Open-Loop Controller

Interleaved Boost Converter Open-Loop Controller Output

Single Phase Inverter Controller Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation

Unipolar PWM Vout = Vd When T 1, T 4 is ON Vout=-Vd When T 2, T 3 is ON Vout=0 When T 1, T 3 or T 2, T 4 is ON

Unipolar PWM

LC Filter Magnitude Bode Plot for Second-Order LC Filter

LC Filter • Chose L =. 125 m. H • Yields C = 240 u. F

Inverter Controller Simulation

Interver Unipolar PWM Controller

Inverter SPWM - Output

Future Work - Controller Closed-Loop Voltage and Current Controller for Two. Channel Interleaved Boost Converter Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller Single-Phase Inverter Controller with Unity Power Factor Correction

Interleaved Boost Converter Voltage-Current Controller Same Controller as designed Need to output two PWM signal The second PWM signal has to been delayed by half the period

Interleaved Boost Converter Simulation

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)

MPPT Perturbation and Observation Method (P&O) MPPT algorithm adjusts duty cycle to achieve

MPPT – System Diagram

MPPT - Flowchart

MPPT Current Controller Design

Single-Phase Inverter Controller with Unity Power Factor Correction System Diagram