Wilsons New Freedom Progressive Background New Nationalism A

Wilson’s New Freedom

Progressive Background • New Nationalism • A program of social legislation calling for tough laws to protect workers, ensure public health, and regulate business • New Freedom • A movement that called for the revival of small business and return to an America where people were free from the control of big business and government

The Sherman Act • Congress passed the Sherman Act in 1890 in an attempt to eliminate trusts and the unfair business practices they employed to secure monopolies on their products.

Federal Trade Act • Set up the Federal Trade Commission with power to investigate both possible legal violations by corporations and unfair business practices. • FTC created to investigate unfair labor/business practices

Clayton Anti-Trust Act • Strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act by declaring certain business practices illegal; freed labor unions and farm organizations from anti-trust laws; prohibited most injunctions against strikers.

Payne-Aldrich Tariff • The Payne-Aldrich Tariff was a Republican tariff passed in 1909 to protect American manufacturers. The tariff placed a fortypercent tax on many of the nation's most heavily imported goods.

Underwood Tariff The Underwood Act was a law passed in 1913 to reduce the Republican Payne. Aldrich Tariff. This act reduced the overall tariff to approximately twenty-five percent; eliminated the tax entirely on steel, wool, clothing, and sugar; and created a federal income tax.

Sixteenth Amendment • Legalized the Federal Income Tax

Federal Reserve Act • Established the Federal Reserve System, a decentralized private banking system under federal control

Which Three new developments finally brought the success of the Suffrage Movement within reach? • Increased activism of local and grassroots movements. • Bold new strategies to build enthusiasm for the movement • Regeneration of the national movement under Carrie Chapman Catt

What was the Result of the Suffrage Movement ?

How did Wilson Retreat on Civil Rights? • Opposed Federal Anti-lynching legislation • Appointed segregationists to his cabinet • Failed to oppose the resegergation of federal offices

Wilson and Workers The Federal Adamson Farm Act Provided low interest Loans to farmers passed in 1916 that established an eighthour workday, with additional pay for overtime work, for railroad workers. This was the first federal law that regulated the hours of workers in private companies. Federal Workman’s Compensation Act Keating Owen Child Labor Act SEE NOTES

Wilson Policies In foreign affairs, Wilson was determined to revise the imperialist practices of earlier administrations, promising independence to the Philippines and making Puerto Ricans American citizens. But Wilson's own policies could sometimes be high-handed. His administration intervened militarily more often in Latin America than any of his predecessors.