Wilsonian Progressivism Chapter 29 Essential Questions What actions

Wilsonian Progressivism Chapter 29

Essential Questions • What actions did President Wilson pursue to expand the progressive movement? • How did the Wilson administration handle foreign affairs?

1912 Election • Republicans nominate President Taft • T. Roosevelt shunned by Republican Party starts his own party, Bull Moose Party – Platform: women’s suffrage, minimum wage laws, social security • Democrats nominate Woodrow Wilson – Platform: New Freedom (antitrust legislation, bank reform, tariff reduction)

1912 Election • Taft and Roosevelt divide Republican voters – Wilson = 435 EC votes – Roosevelt = 88 EC votes – Taft = 8 EC votes – Eugene Debs (Socialist party) = 0 EC votes • Wilson only won 41% of popular vote • Taft will become Chief justice of Supreme Court in 1921

1912 Election

President Woodrow Wilson Timeline • 1913 • 1914 • 1915 • – – • Underwood Tariff Act 16 th Amendment Federal Reserve Act 17 th Amendment – – – Clayton Anti-Trust Act – WWI Begins – US occupation of Veracruz • 1916 – Pancho Villa Raids – Wilson Reelected US buys Virgin Islands Zimmerman Note Bolshevik Revolution US enters WWI 1918 – 14 Points proposed – Sedition Act – Armistice – Sinking of Lusitania – US enters Haiti • 1917 1919 – Treaty of Versailles – 18 th Amendment – Wilson collapse • 1920 – Senate defeats Versailles – 19 th Amendment – Harding elected president

Woodrow Wilson • • • Born in Virginia Inspired by Jefferson College professor Governor of New Jersey Saw the world as right and wrong, no inbetween

New Freedom • Wilson was very • Failures progressive. – Segregation: Wilson did nothing to ease the • Adopted views suffering of African previously held by Americans Populist and Bull Moose – Child Labor: supported Parties. law that would have ended child labor, but • Lived up to his promises Supreme Court ruled it domestically. unconstitutional.

Taxs, Tariffs, and Trusts, Oh MY! • Congress passes • Clayton Antitrust Act: Underwood Tariff Bill much more powerful (lowers tariff) than Sherman. – easier to enforce • 16 th Amendment: taxed – Exempted labor unions the income of people – Exempted agricultural earning most in US organizations • Federal Trade – Outlawed interlocking Commission: Created to directorates sniff out trusts and unfair business

Federal Reserve Act • Problems – No flexibility of $ – $ all concentrated in northeast – Difficult to transfer$ – Constant cycles of deep recessions • Federal Reserve – 3 rd BUS – Controlled by government – Issued paper $ – Allowed $ to circulate freely – 12 regional banks established

Federal Reserve System

Where Did Your Money Originate?

Missionary Diplomacy • Wilson’s foreign policy • Refused to recognize or support governments that he felt were corrupt (based on morals) • Jones Act: Promised the Philippines independence in the future. • Eased tensions with Japan after California passed law that didn’t allow Japanese-Americans to own land

Missionary Diplomacy (in LA) • Used the Roosevelt Corollary when he dispatches troops to Haiti and Dominican Republic for failure to pay debts (there for 19 years!) • Purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark

South of the Border • In the 1910 s, Mexico experienced a number a government coups • Conflict mostly resulted between rich and poor • Many US businesses exploited Mexican resources • This series of Mexican Revolutions threatened American investors.

South of the Border • 1914: US sailors wrongfully arrested, then released in Mexico – In retaliation, US seized Veracruz – US later leaves city. – Poor relations with Mexico continue

South of the Border • Pancho Villa was a Mexican bandit/hero/terrorist/ opposition leader. • Resented US treatment of Mexico – Murdered 16 American workers in Mexico – Invades(!) US, leads raids in New Mexico that lead to 19 deaths

South of the Border • Congress authorizes use of force in Mexico, but does not declare war • Wilson sends General John “Black Jack” Pershing and a regiment of soldiers into Mexico to hunt Pancho • Search for months, never capture Pancho • Recalled when US enters WWI

South of the Border Never captured by the US, Pancho Villa was assassinated by an anonymous gunman in 1923. Many Mexicans still consider him a hero.

World War I • 1914: WWI begins – Most Americans wish to remain neutral • Both sides (Central Powers and Allies) woo US support. • Kaiser Wilhelm II: leader of Germany during WWI • Many German-Americans felt sympathy toward Central Powers • Many do become offended when Germany invades neutral Belgium • More anti-German sentiment after a briefcase full of espionage material found in NY subway.

Allies v. Central Powers

Wartime Economy • US businesses made $ by selling to both sides early in war • British blockade eventually prevented Central Powers from receiving shipments from US. • Germany developed submarines (U-boats) to sneak through blockade • Subs attacked Allied ships, but could not always determine who was neutral (like the US)

Tragedy at Sea • 1915: The Lusitania is sunk by U-boats, 128 dead Americans. • German’s apologize, US accepts • Another ship containing Americans is sunk, Germany apologizes, US accepts • This pattern is repeated several times, each time anti-German feelings grow in US

Lusitania

1916 Election • Democrats nominate Wilson – Slogan “He kept us out of war” • Republicans nominate Charles Evans Hughes – Platform: higher tariff, attack Mexico and be tough on Germany • Wilson wins a close reelection, 277 to 254 (electoral votes)

Stay Tuned! • Will Wilson keep us out of war indefinitely? • Will evidence of German espionage, U-boat activity, trouble with Mexico, and revolution in Russia draw the US from our neutral position in WWI? • What will the legacy of President Wilson be; progressive reformer or commander in chief?