William Shakespeare His Life and Works William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare His Life and Works

William Shakespeare Actor, poet, playwright (драматург) Wrote 37 plays Wrote over 150 sonnets

A Place of Birth William Shakespeare was born in Stratfordupon-Avon. It is a very interesting town in the central part of England. Around Stratford there are beautiful forests, green fields (поля) and a little river – Avon.

William’s Childhood and Youth William was born on April, 23, 1564. His mother, Mary Arden, was a daughter of a farmer. His father, John, was a glover (перчаточник) who had an office in Stratford. Shakespeare was the 3 rd of 8 children

The house where Shakespeare was born

The backyard (задний двор) of the house

The small room where Shakespeare was born

John Shakespeare’s workroom (рабочая комната)

1571 – Shakespeare probably (вероятно) began attending (начал посещать) the King's New School, a grammar school of good quality in Stratford

By modern standards (по современным меркам) school would have been routine and dull (скучной). Students spent 9 hours a day at school. Pupils studied all year round, except (кроме) for 3 brief holidays (короткие праздники). Studies were mainly (в основном) in Latin.

Latin was at the heart of the curriculum (учебный план) and the method of learning was to memorise long passages (отрывки) of Latin prose and poetry. William would also have been drilled (практиковался) in grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic and astronomy. Music was also on the curriculum.

When he was fourteen Shakespeare’s father somehow (как -то) fell from favour (впал в немилость) and his sons had to leave school. We lose track (потеряли след) of William at this point (момент) and don’t see him again until his wedding day (свадьба). We can be sure that he didn’t just sit around doing nothing, though (хотя): he would have had to work, particularly (особенно) as his father was having difficulty in supporting (трудности в поддержке) the family. We don’t know what he did, although his plays show a great deal (много) of knowledge about Elizabethan common occupations such as cobbling (починка обуви), baking (выпечка), farming (сельское хозяйство) and so on.

1582 – Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway – he was 18, she was 26. She gave birth (родить) to a daughter the next year 1585 - Judith and Hamnet, twins (близнецы), are born Family photo (reconstruction)

1585 Shakespeare goes to London and starts his theatrical career.

Shakespeare Becomes an Actor There is a story that Shakespeare’s first work in London was holding (присмотр) a rich men’s horses at theatre door. But nobody (никто) can say whether this story is true. Later Shakespeare became an actor and a member of one of the big acting companies. Soon he began to write plays for this company and in a few years became a well-known author.

1592 – First evidence (доказательства) that Shakespeare had moved to London and was working in theater 1592 -1594 – outbreak of plague (вспышка чумы) closed the London theaters, so…. . Shakespeare began to write poetry Became well known for a 14 line poem called a sonnet

Theatre in the Days of Shakespeare The theater in the days of Shakespeare didn’t look like our modern (современный) theatres. It was a high round building (высокое круглое здание) without any roof (крыша) except over the stage (сцена). In winter theatres were closed.

The actors were often partners (партнёры) in theatre business. Shakespeare was one of the partners in theatre where he acted (действовать) and for which he wrote his dramas. It was the famous Globe.

1594 – Shakespeare was part of a group that founded (основать) the company of players (игроки) called Lord Chamberlain's Men (later called the King's Men (королевская рать)) Lord Chamberlain's Men was a very successful (успешный) company of players (actors) – by the turn of the century (рубеж века), they had the: best actor, Richard Burbage best theater, The Globe best playwright, W. Shakespeare

The Globe Theatre: • Open ceiling (открытый потолок) • Three stories high (три этажа) • No artificial lighting (искусственное освещение) • Plays were shown during daylight hours only

Spectators Wealthy (богатые) people got to sit on benches (скамейки) The poor (бедняки) (called “groundlings” (невзыскательный зритель)) had to stand watch from the courtyard (внутренний двор) There was much more (намного больше) audience participation than today

Actors Only men and boys Young boys whose voices had not changed played the women’s roles It would have been indecent (неприлично) for a woman to appear (появляться) on stage Acting (актер) was not considered (подходящей) a respectable profession by the English Puritans Types of Plays • Shakespeare wrote: • Comedies - light and amusing (забавный), usually with a happy ending • Tragedies –serious dramas with disastrous (гибельный) endings • Histories – involve events or persons from history

William Shakespeare’s Works W. Shakespeare knew the stage and that helped him to write the most wonderful plays ever written. Shakespeare wrote 37 plays. Among them are tragedies such as Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth, comedies such as All’s Well that Ends Well, the Twelfth Night, Much Ado About Nothing, historical dramas such as Henry IV, Richard III. Shakespeare’s signatures