William Shakespeare a brilliant English poet and playwright

William Shakespeare a brilliant English poet and playwright during the Renaissance (文艺复兴) 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Sonnet （十四行诗） Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 我能否将你比作夏天？ Thou art more lovely and more temperate. 你比夏天更美丽温婉。 Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残， And summer‘s lease hath all too short a date. 夏日的勾留何其短暂？ 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

English and its history A history article 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Reading strategy (P 23) years dates 1. Notice ____ and _____. understand the order of the events important information time chart 2. Make a _____ , listing ________. how information relates to the rest 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Skimming 1. What is the article about? English and its history title 2. How many kinds of English are discussed in the article? Old English subtitles Middle English Modern English 3. Will English keep on changing in the future? Yes. ending 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Detailed reading: Para 1: Introduction Why does English have so many difficult rules that confuse people? The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain. people from different countries and cultures 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

the Angles and the Saxons occupy the Vikings move into invasion （入侵） the Norman Conquest defeat 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Detailed reading Old English before the middle of the 5 th century at the end of the 9 th century by the 10 th century 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Old English Time Relevant Events Before 5 th People in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic. End 9 th By 10 th Impact people feel puzzled about the Vikings invaded which words Britain, and brought their language, which also mixed or phrases to use. with old English Old English was the official language of England.

The Angles The Saxons Two Germantic groups from the European mainland Old English Celtic The Vikings Results: mixture of A, S and C People from … such as Denmark and Norway “锡慧在线”开学第二周 2020 feel puzzled about. . .

sick the Angles and the Saxons ill the Norwegians 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Middle English the 12 th to the 15 th centuries 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Middle English (12 th - 15 th century) Time Relevant Events Impacts in 1066 The Normans conquered & took control of England. throughout French did not replace it as the entire …but. . . borrow words. . . 250 years by the latter half of the 14 th century in 1399 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Guess the meanings of the. French words. dinner dîner: journèe: journey éducation: education université: university mirror miroir: borrowed Conclusion: Middle English _____ many words from French. 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Middle English (12 th - 15 th century) Time Relevant Events Impacts 1. Result in The Normans conquered & took control of England. more pairs of similar throughout French did not replace it as words The entire …and. . . borrow words. . . 2. words for 250 years animals and meat By the latter half 3. making 14 th words in 1399 plural “锡慧在线”开学第二周 2020 in 1066

More words with similar meanings. the same meaning (回答） reply Old French answer Old English 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Words for the animals: cow sheep Words for the meat: mutton beef Why are the words for their names and their meat different? Old English pig Old French pork/ bacon 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

upper class Speakers of French: _______ common people Speakers of old English: _________ Guess Game: Pick out the words of French origin! cuisine cooking continue go on encounter meet purchase buy justice fairness discover find French became the language of government, law, culture, while English was a more popular and simple language. 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Speak out the French way of making plurals. ox- oxen child—children man- men shoe--shoes foot– feet tooth---teeth house—houses house- housen 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Middle English (12 th - 15 th century) Time Relevant Events Impacts 1. Result in The Normans conquered & took control of England. more pairs of similar throughout French did not replace it as words The entire …and. . . borrow words. . . 2. words for 250 years Animals and English came into By the meat widespread use among latter half all classes in England. 14 th 3. making Henry. VI became King of words in 1399 England he used English plural for all official occasions. 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周 in 1066

Modern English 1. Why does modern English include many Latin and Greek words? the Renaissance 2. What happened to pronunciation during this period? 3. Why will English continue changing in the future? Can you think of some examples? 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

the Renaissance The Renaissance was a great spiritual revolution(改革) and thought liberation(解放) movement in modern history. During The Renaissance, a large number of outstanding artists and important works appeared, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo etc. 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Modern English 1. Why does modern English include many Latin and Greek words? 2. What happened to pronunciation during this period? It also went through huge changes during this period. 3. Why will English continue changing in the future? Can you think of some examples? 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Modern English 1. Why does modern English include many Latin and Greek words? 2. What happened to pronunciation during this period? 3. Why will English continue changing in the future? Can you think of some examples? People will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things. 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Summary What languages made contributions to the development of English? Celtic Anglo Saxon Danish French Norse Latin Greek Modern English

Extension Languages borrow words from each other. How many Chinese words can you think of that come from English? And how many English words from Chinese? 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

English Words coming from Chinese • Confucious Laotze • Fengshui Mah-jong • Ginseng • Iching Tai-chi Tofu Kungfu • Kowtow 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周 Long time no see

Chinese Words coming from English • Logic sofa • romantic cartoon • gene hamgurger • cool vitamin • coffee . . . 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Discussion What factors lead to the development of a language? 1. the migration(迁移) of people 2. war 3. business around the world 4. development and spread of modern science and technology 5. the borrowing and inventing new words 6…. The development and spread of a language is decided by its comprehensive national strength (综合国力). 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Further thinking 6% of the world's languages are spoken by 94% of the world's population. The remaining 94% of languages are spoken by only 6% of the population. The largest single language by population is Mandarin (845 million speakers) followed by Spanish (329 million speakers) and English (328 million speakers). 133 languages are spoken by fewer than 10 people. Do you think the world's languages should be preserved? State your own opinions. 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Further thinking In my view, the world languages, especially those on the edge of extinction, should be well preserved. Language is the carrier of economy, politics and culture of a country. If a language died away, we would lose the chance of appreciating the diversity(多样性) of the world. 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周

Homework: Old English the 5 th -12 th C 5 th 9 th 10 th Middle English Modern English the 12 th -15 th C the 16 th C-Renaissance 1066 14 th 1399 Rewrite the passage according to the time chart. Your article should include three periods of the development (time, event, influence…). (No less than 200 words) 2020 “锡慧在线”开学第二周