WILLIAM F RUDDIMAN EARTHS CLIMATE PAST and FUTURE
- Slides: 24
WILLIAM F. RUDDIMAN • EARTH’S CLIMATE • PAST and FUTURE • SECOND EDITION • CHAPTER 17 • Climatic Changes Since the 1800 s © 2008 W. H. Freeman and Company
Major Concepts: warming planet! • Sea level change since 1880 – Source of records – Corrections for isostatic effects – 17 cm rise; 4 cm thermal expansion, 5 cm mountain glaciers, 2 cm Gr +AA • Surface temperatures since 1900 – Complications: reliability of early measurements, urban heat island effect • 100 -3000 m ocean temperature change since 1945 – Heat stored is 10 X more than in the atmosphere and provides evidence of persistent warming • Mountain glaciers – 99% retreated between 1900 and 1980, average retreat over a mile • Ground temperature profiles show clear warming – Record integrates century-scale warming that has diffused into ground • Satellite measurements – Arctic sea ice retreating – Greenland thinning, Antarctica more stable – Tropospheric warming agrees with ground measurements • Natural variability since 1800’s? – Pacific decadal oscillation – North Atlantic Oscillation
What correction needs to be made for most of these records?
Corrected record
Ground T recording stations
Corrected for heat island effect
Mountain glaciers
Important study from 2005!
Once collect temperature profile, model required temperature change at surface with diffusion models
Satellite measurements of Arctic sea ice
Satellite measurements of NH snow cover
Satellite measurements of growing season in Alaska
Satellite measurements of ice sheet thickness important part of climate monitoring
NOAA NCDC • http: //www. ncdc. noaa. gov/faqs/climfaq 14. html
Table 17 -1 (in cm) • • • Ocean thermal expansion Mountain glaciers Greenland Ant. Ice All factors Observed sea level rise +4 +5 +2 +11 +17
Short term oscillations? El Nino
Short term oscillations? Pacific Decadal Oscillation
Short term oscillations? North Atlantic Oscillation
- Future perfect and future continuous
- Future perfect simple and continuous
- Climate change 2014 mitigation of climate change
- Past perfect past simple and past continuous
- Simple past past perfect past continuous
- The earth's layers foldable
- Earths roation
- Whats earths moon called
- Biome near the equator
- Chalogen elements
- Plasticity in earth's layers
- Whats earths moon called
- Earth's thickest layer
- Earths early atmosphere contained
- Earth layers foldable
- Earths major crustal plates
- Earths orbit seasons
- Brown earth soil profile
- Earths physical features
- Honey fertilizer
- What is luna moon
- Earths mantle
- Earths crust
- Where
- What does the earths tilt cause