William D Gilbride Jr William D Gilbride Jr
William D. Gilbride, Jr. William D. Gilbride Jr. is an accomplished business attorney, and shareholder at Abbott Nicholson, P. C. , who has built a solid reputation resolving disputes before they reach a courtroom. He also is a seasoned litigator who has tried many cases in state and federal courts over business, contract, real estate and other matters. William joined Abbott Nicholson as a partner in 1989 and currently serves as the firm’s managing partner. He was admitted to the Michigan bar and the federal bar for the U. S. District Court-Eastern District of Michigan in 1984, the U. S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, and U. S. Tax Court in 1986. His law degree is from the University of Detroit and bachelor’s degree from the University of Michigan. William provides expert counsel regarding contracts, business and corporate law, real estate law, dispute avoidance and resolution, non-compete agreements, business torts, and zoning and land use law. He also handles patent, trademark and trade secret litigation. Abbott Nicholson, P. C. Detroit, Michigan Managing Shareholder & CEO Meritas Affiliate In addition to his extensive experience in jury and bench trials, William conducted arbitrations, mediations and facilitations with the American Arbitration Association and using private arbitrators/facilitators. William also served as general business and legal counsel for many for-profit and notfor-profit organizations and has served as secretary and general counsel for two nonpublic corporate clients with more than 100 shareholders each. William is a Fellow of the Michigan State Bar Foundation and the Detroit Metropolitan Bar Association. He also is an SCAO Supreme Court approved civil mediator and was inducted as a member of the American Board of Trial Advocates (ABOTA) based on his extensive trial experience. William lives in Grosse Pointe Park, Mich. , and is married with three daughters.
Summary Jury Trials ANOTHER ADR TOOL IN THE LITIGATOR’S TOOL BOX WILLIAM D. GILBRIDE, JR. ABBOTT NICHOLSON, P. C. DETROIT, MICHIGAN
The Seventh Amendment Right to Trial by Jury � “In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. ” � U. S. Const. Amend. VII
Summary Jury Trial Definition � “A Summary Jury Trial (SJT) is a one-day jury trial that combines the flexibility and cost-effectiveness of arbitration with the structure of a conventional trial. ” � Bronx County Supreme Court, Summary Jury Trial Information Sheet
Summary Jury Trial Origin “The summary jury trial grew out of both alternative dispute resolution (ADR) programs and efforts to provide litigants with sufficient information to make informed decisions about the merits of settlement, but ultimately evolved into a number of different varieties. ” “U. S. District Court Judge Thomas Lambros (Northern District of Ohio, 1967 -95) is credited with the original idea for the summary jury trial, which he used to resolve two personalinjury cases. ”
Summary Jury Trial Origin � “In spite of numerous attempts by Lambros, parties would refuse to settle, believing that each could obtain a better outcome from a jury trial. It struck Judge Lambros that if the parties could preview what a jury would do, they would be more likely to settle. The procedure that Judge Lambros developed was essentially an abbreviated, nonbinding jury trial before a six-person jury selected from a ten-person jury panel. ” � “From 1980 to 1984, the Northern District of Ohio selected 88 cases for summary jury trials. More than half ultimately settled before the summary jury trial was held, and 92 percent of the remaining cases settled after trial. Judge Lambros estimated that the procedure saved the court more than $73, 000 in jury fees alone. He reasoned that the savings to litigants in reduced attorney fees and trial expenses would be considerably more. ”
Summary Jury Trial Origin � “In Judge Lambros’ eyes, the summary jury trial was a form of ADR that explicitly incorporated the concept of trial by jury, but eliminated the risk of a binding decision or the expense associated with a lengthy jury trial. The success of the summary jury trial, according to Judge Lambros, depended on its procedural flexibility. ” � “Judge Lambro encouraged other state and federal courts to adapt the summary-jury-trial format to comport with local circumstances. ” � Paula Hannaford-Agor, Nicole L. Waters, “The Evolution of the Summary Jury Trial: A Flexible Tool to Meet a Variety of Needs”, Future Trends in State Courts 2012, National Center for State Courts.
American Board of Trial Advocates (ABOTA) “The American Board of Trial Advocates is a national association of experienced trial lawyers and judges dedicated to the preservation and promotion of the civil jury trial right provided by the Seventh Amendment to the U. S. Constitution. First and foremost, ABOTA works to uphold the jury system by educating the American public about the history and value of the right to trial by jury. ” Founded in 1958 and with a membership of 6, 800 experienced attorneys, ABOTA is uniquely qualified to speak for the value of the constitutionally mandated jury system as the proctor of the rights of persons and property.
ABOTA’s Mission � “The general purposes of (ABOTA) shall be to foster improvement in the ethical and technical standards of practice in the field of advocacy to the end that individual litigants may receive more effective representation and the general public be benefited by more efficient administration of justice consistent with time-tested and traditional principles of litigation. ” � A specific purpose is “to aid in further education and training of trial lawyers; to work for the preservation of our jury system; to improve methods of procedure of our present trial court system; to serve as an informational center; to discuss and study matters of interest to trial lawyers; to advance the skill of its members as trial attorneys; to honor the members of the Association who have the requisite qualifications; to provide a forum for the expression of interests common to trial lawyers and to act as an agency through which trial lawyers in general, and members of the Association in particular, shall have a voice with which to speak concerning matters of common and general interest. ”
ABOTA’s Constitution & Bylaws
ABOTA’s Stance on Expedited Jury Trials
Summary Jury Trial Goals � Increase Access to Justice � Gives Client their “Day in Court” � Eliminate Number of Lay and � Increase the Number of Jury Trials � In Michigan less than 1. 4% of cases in 2014 were disposed of by a jury trial � Eliminate Lengthy Direct and � Eliminate Lengthy and Costly Litigation � Provide Sufficient Information to Make Informed Decisions about the Merits of a Settlement � Allow Jurors to Fulfill their Service in One Day Expert Witnesses Cross Examinations � Eliminate Uncertainty of Outcomes � Eliminate Lengthy Jury Selection Process � Eliminate Backlog and Delay of Dockets � Eliminate Excessive Procedural Complexity � Eliminate Lengthy Discovery Period
Summary Jury Trial Advantages � Designed Primarily for Factually and Legally Straightforward Cases � Designed to Streamline the Pretrial Process by Offering Incentives for Litigants in Exchange for Restrictions on the Scope and Length of Time to Complete Discovery � Designed to Streamline the Trial Process � Develops Trial Skills by Forcing Attorneys to Focus Discovery Very Acutely on Key Issues and Present Trial Presentations with Clarity and Brevity � Allows Experienced Attorneys Opportunity to Keep Trial Skills Sharp and Experiment with New Trial Techniques in Low Value Cases � Provides an Opportunity for Younger Attorneys to Handle Jury Trials in Low Value Cases
Summary Jury Trial Advantages � 1 Day Completion of Trials � Limit on Live Witnesses � Admissibility of Designated Depositions and Affidavits � Guarantee that Certain Records (such as medical records and test results) will be Admitted Without the Usual Requirements of Authentication and other Limiting Rules of Evidence � Predetermined Jury Instructions � Parties Waive the Ability to Make a Motion for a Directed Verdict, Motion to Set Aside the Verdict (few exceptions: fraud), or the Filing of Motions for Additur or Remittitur � Voluntary
Summary Jury Trial Disadvantages � Relaxed Rules of Evidence � Insufficient Funding, Court Personnel, and Court Space to Facilitate Summary Jury Trial Programs � Court Management Systems are Not Yet Configured to Keep Track of Summary Jury Trials � Most Law Firms are Not Yet Equipped with Automated Tickler Alerts Based on Summary Jury Trial Deadlines Like They are for Traditional Trial or Mediation Deadlines � In Some States, if a Party Wishes to Leave the Summary Jury Trial Program, There is Currently No Authority for the Judge to Return it to the Regular Trial Docket
Summary Jury Trial Disadvantages � Rules and Procedures for Summary Jury Trials are not Uniform Among the Jurisdictions, Requiring Attorneys Who Practice in Multiple Jurisdictions to Become Familiar with Multiple Sets of Summary Jury Trial Procedures � Attorneys Must Anticipate and Avoid Situations Where They Could Get Trapped Into Evidentiary Stipulations Placing Them at a Strategic Disadvantage � Can Possibly Require a Greater Amount of Preparation Time Than a Traditional Jury Trial Due to the Brevity of the Trial Procedures and Time Constraints � Eliminates a Party’s Ability to Delay Trial Procedures for Strategic Reasons � Most Summary Jury Trial Procedures Commence 6 Months or Less After Filing � In Some Circumstances Parties Have Refused to Accept the Verdict where Summary Jury Trial Dispositions are Nonbinding � Uncertain Whether Summary Jury Trials Advantage Plaintiffs or Defendants
Cases Recommended for Summary Jury Trials � Cases with single or limited issues to be resolved Basic Torts i. e. “Slip and Fall”, Dog Bites, Small Auto Cases � Small Business Cases � Lower Damage Cases that Do Not Involve Complex Facts or Numerous Witnesses Facts determined by uncontested reports or documents � Insurance & Small Auto Cases where a high-low agreement regarding insurance coverage is desirable Cases where the Insurance Carrier has Consented to be bound by the Proceeding � Cases where the likely value doesn’t warrant the expense of live expert testimony or exhaustive trial � Cases where it is desirable to limit exposure or guarantee recovery � Time Sensitive Cases Where the Usual Docket Wait Will be Prejudicial to a Party’s Ability to Present its Case � Cases where the Parties Desire a Certain Trial Commencement Date
States With Summary Jury Trial or Expedited Trial Procedures � Alabama (State: Expedited Civil Actions) � New Hampshire (State: Summary Jury Trial) � Arizona (State: Short Trial Program) � New Jersey (State: Expedited Jury Trial Program) � California (Fed: Expedited Trial Procedure, State: � New York (State: Summary Jury Trial Program) Expedited Jury Trial Program) � Colorado (State: Simplified Procedure for Civil Actions) � North Carolina (State: Summary Jury Trial, Summary Bench Trial) � North Dakota (State: Summary Jury Trial) � Florida (State: Expedited Trials) � Ohio (State: Summary Jury Trial) � Georgia (State: Summary Jury Trial) � Oregon (State: Expedited Civil Jury Trial Program) � Illinois (Fed: Summary Jury Trial) � Pennsylvania (Fed: Pilot Program for Expedited � Indiana (State: Summary Jury Trial, Mini Trial) � Iowa (State: Expedited Civil Action) � Michigan (State: Summary Jury Trial Pilot Program) � Minnesota (Fed: Expedited Trials Program, State: Summary Jury Trial, Expedited Civil Litigation Track Pilot Project) Civil Litigation, State: Summary Jury Trial) � South Carolina (State: Fast Track Jury Trial Process) � Tennessee (State: Summary Jury Trial) � Texas (State: Summary Jury Trial, Mini Trial, Expedited Actions) � Utah (State: Expedited Jury Trial) � Nebraska (State: Summary Jury Trial) � Virginia (State: Summary Jury Trial) � Nevada (Fed: Short Trial Program, State: Short � Washington (Fed: Individualized Trial Program)
Michigan Pilot Project for Summary Jury Trials • • Michigan Supreme Court Authorization of Pilot Project for SJT Administrative Order No. 2015 -1 March 25, 2015
Presiding Officer � The parties shall agree on who shall preside over the summary jury trial. � Presiding officer may be the assigned trial court judge, a retired judge appointed to preside over the proceeding, or a special hearing officer.
Mediation and Case Evaluation � Trial Court shall not require that mediation or case evaluation take place prior to the summary jury trial. However, the parties may voluntarily engage in any ADR processes following the entry of the consent order and before the summary jury trial.
High-Low Parameters � Attorneys and/or parties may stipulate to any high/low parameters, which shall not be disclosed to the jury.
Scheduling � The clerk of the court shall schedule the summary jury trial and provide notice of the scheduled summary jury trial to the parties and attorneys at least 56 days before the trial’s date. � Once scheduled, the summary jury trial will be adjourned only upon written stipulation of the parties with approval of the presiding officer or upon good cause shown.
Pretrial Submissions � Copies of any proposed exhibits and witness lists must be served upon all parties not less than 28 days before the scheduled summary jury trial date.
Pretrial Conference � Must take place not later than 14 days before the scheduled SJT date. � Objections to any evidence, including proposed redactions, motions in limine, and other evidentiary issues; � Juror questionnaires and proposed voir dire questions; � Whether the jury shall be permitted to take notes; � Jury instructions and the jury verdict form; � Any other matters of importance.
Record � Parties must provide recording services at their own expense.
Jury Composition � 10 Jurors Seated � 6 Jurors Selected � Process: After questioning of 10 jurors seated, plaintiff shall strike one juror, defendant shall strike one juror, plaintiff shall strike a second juror, defendant shall strike a second juror until 6 jurors remain. � Challenges for Cause not Permitted.
Time Allocations � Length of Summary Jury Trial No longer than 1 day unless otherwise agreed to by the parties � Jury Selection 30 minutes � 10 minutes for plaintiff, defendant, & presiding officer � Opening Statements 15 minutes per side � Presentation of Proofs 2 hours per side Includes direct and cross examination and admission of exhibits � Closing Argument 15 minutes per side Plaintiff shall have an additional 3 minutes for rebuttal � Jury Instructions to be presented in 10 minutes or less
Rules of Evidence � Parties may offer evidence that is relevant and material to the dispute. � The judge or hearing officer shall not require authentication of documentary evidence for purposes of admissibility. � Parties may agree to modify the rules of evidence. � Parties encouraged to stipulate to modes and methods or presentation such as admissibility of video or written depositions, affidavits, written reports, and ex parte depositions with any agreed upon redactions.
Jury Verdict � Verdict is binding and subject to any written high-low limitations agreed upon by the parties. � Verdict received when 5 of 6 jurors agree on a disposition.
Inconsistent Verdict � Presiding officer shall recharge jury and require it to return to deliberation to resolve any inconsistency.
Posttrial Motions � The only posttrial motion available to the parties shall be a motion for new trial. � Motion must be filed with the trial court, served on the presiding officer, and served on other parties within 7 days after entry of jury’s verdict. � New trial granted only under following circumstances: An irregularity in the proceedings of the court, jury, or prevailing party, or an order of the court or abuse of discretion that denied the moving party a fair trial; Misconduct of the jury or of the prevailing party during the trial; Error of law occurring in the proceedings; Fraud (intrinsic or extrinsic) of an adverse party.
Order of Judgment � Nonprevailing party shall pay the prevailing party the judgment amount within 28 days after jury renders a verdict, subject to any high-low parameters established before the trial.
Waiver of Costs and Sanctions � Parties agree to waive taxation of costs and sanctions. Exception: Fraud
Right to Appeal �Parties agree to waive the right to appeal the jury’s verdict. Exception: Fraud
Modification of Procedures � Any of the above procedures may be modified by stipulation of the parties with approval of the judge or special hearing officer.
States with Highly Developed Summary Jury Trial and Expedited Jury Trial Procedures � South Carolina (9 th Judicial Circuit Summary Jury Trial Program) � New York (State Summary Jury Trial Program) � Nevada (8 th Judicial District Short Trial Program) � Successful Characteristics: Strong Judicial and State Bar Support Consistent Marketing for the Programs Across the State Implementation of a Statewide Coordinator Position to Provide Support to Local Programs Employed “Pro Tempore” Judges Self-Sustaining Programs Allowing Courts to Allocate Resources to Other Programs Perceptions of Fairness amongst Clients � Specifically Amongst Insurance Companies No Ban on the Right to Appeal
Website Links to SJT or Expedited Jury Trial Statutes � Alabama: State � Proposed Rules: http: //judicial. alabama. gov/proposed/expedited_civil_actions. pdf � Alabama Code: http: //alisondb. legislature. state. al. us/alison/codeofalabama/1975/coatoc. htm � http: //law. justia. com/codes/alabama/2013/title-6/chapter-1/section-6 -1 -3 � Arizona: Maricopa County � � � Benchbook: https: //www. superiorcourt. maricopa. gov/Superior. Court/Alternative. Dispute. Resolution/docs/short. Trial. Bench. Book. pdf Administrative Procedures & Court Rules: https: //www. superiorcourt. maricopa. gov/Superior. Court/Alternative. Dispute. Resolution/docs/short. Trial. Admin. Procedure s. pdf Court Order & Court Rules: https: //www. superiorcourt. maricopa. gov/Superior. Court/Alternative. Dispute. Resolution/docs/16 gorder. pdf
Website Links to SJT or Expedited Jury Trial Statutes � California: State � Court Website: http: //www. courts. ca. gov/12774. htm � Expedited Jury Trials Act & Civ Proc. Code: http: //www. leginfo. ca. gov/pub/09 -10/bill/asm/ab_22512300/ab_2284_bill_20100930_chaptered. pdf � Cal. R. Court 3. 1545 -3. 1552: http: //www. courts. ca. gov/cms/rules/index. cfm? title=three&linkid=rule 3_1545 http: //www. courts. ca. gov/cms/rules/index. cfm? title=three&linkid=rule 3_1546 http: //www. courts. ca. gov/cms/rules/index. cfm? title=three&linkid=rule 3_1547 http: //www. courts. ca. gov/cms/rules/index. cfm? title=three&linkid=rule 3_1548 http: //www. courts. ca. gov/cms/rules/index. cfm? title=three&linkid=rule 3_1549 http: //www. courts. ca. gov/cms/rules/index. cfm? title=three&linkid=rule 3_1550 http: //www. courts. ca. gov/cms/rules/index. cfm? title=three&linkid=rule 3_1551 http: //www. courts. ca. gov/cms/rules/index. cfm? title=three&linkid=rule 3_1552 Fed � http: //webcache. googleusercontent. com/search? q=cache: 3 i. KS 49 es 7 v. AJ: www. cand. uscourts. gov/filelibrary/79 1/GO 64. pdf+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us
Website Links to SJT or Expedited Jury Trial Statutes � Colorado: State � Rule 16. 1 (pages 46 -50): http: //cdn. colorado. gov/cs/Satellite%3 Fblobcol%3 Durldata%26 blobheadername 1%3 DContent. Disposition%26 blobheadername 2%3 DContent. Type%26 blobheadervalue 1%3 Dinline%253 B%2 Bfilename%253 D%25222012%2 BCRCP. pdf%2522%26 blobhea dervalue 2%3 Dapplication%252 Fpdf%26 blobkey%3 Did%26 blobtable%3 DMungo. Blobs%26 blobwhere%3 D 1251 898775851%26 ssbinary%3 Dtrue � Florida: State � http: //www. flsenate. gov/Laws/Statutes/2011/45. 075 � Georgia: State � Georgia Court-connected Alternative Dispute Resolution Act section 15 -23 -2: http: //www. lexisnexis. com/hottopics/gacode/Default. asp � Pilot Program Proposed Rules (Sixth District ADR Program: Griffin Circuit): http: //www. adr 6 th. org/ � Georgia Supreme Court ADR Rules: http: //godr. org/sites/default/files/Godr/supreme_court_adr_rules/CURRENT%20 ADR%20 RULES%20 COM PLETE%205 -28 -2014. pdf
Website Links to SJT or Expedited Jury Trial Statutes Illinois: Fed � U. S. District Court for the Central District of Illinois, Local Civil Rule 16. 4, pg 57 -59 http: //www. ilcd. uscourts. gov/sites/ilcd/files/local_rules/2013%20 Local%20 Rules. pdf Procedure: http: //www. ilcd. uscourts. gov/sites/ilcd/files/local_rules/Summary%20 Jury%20 Trials%20 Procedures. pdf � U. S. District Court for the Southern District of Illinois, Local Rule 16. 3, pg. 19 http: //www. ilsd. uscourts. gov/Forms/Local. Rules. Rev 6 R. pdf Motion Form: pgs. 52 -53 http: //www. ilsd. uscourts. gov/Forms/Local. Rules. Rev 6 R. pdf � Indiana: State � Mini Trial Indiana Rules of Court: Rules for Alternative Dispute Resolution Rule 4 http: //www. in. gov/judiciary/rules/adr/#_Toc 428450689 � Summary Jury Trial Indiana Rules of Court: Rules for Alternative Dispute Resolution Rule 5 http: //www. in. gov/judiciary/rules/adr/#_Toc 428450689 � Iowa: State � https: //www. legis. iowa. gov/docs/ACO/Court. Rules. Chapter/05 -29 -2015. 1. pdf �
Website Links to SJT or Expedited Jury Trial Statutes Michigan: State � Summary Jury Trial Pilot (Macomb County & Oakland County Circuit Courts) Programhttp: //courts. mi. gov/Courts/Michigan. Supreme. Court/rules/court-rules-adminmatters/Court%20 Rules/2014 -24_2015 -03 -25_formatted%20 order_AO%2020151_Summary%20 Jury%20 Trial. pdf � Minnesota: Fed � http: //www. mnd. uscourts. gov/expedited-trial-rules. pdf � http: //www. mnd. uscourts. gov/expedited_trial_rules_brochure_0912. pdf State � Summary Jury Trial General Rules of Practice: Minnesota Court Rules 114. 02 https: //www. revisor. mn. gov/court_rules/rule. php? type=gp&id=114 Summary Jury Trial for Medical Malpractice: https: //www. revisor. leg. state. mn. us/statutes/? id=604. 11 � Expedited Civil Litigation Track Pilot Project: http: //webcache. googleusercontent. com/search? q=cache: h. UXYALkw. Ug. QJ: www. mncourts. gov/Documents/0 /Public/Rules/Special_Rules_for_Pilot_ELT. pdf+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us � Nebraska: State � Neb. Rev. Stat. 25 -1154 to 25 -1157: http: //nebraskalegislature. gov/laws/statutes. php? statute=25 -1154 �
Website Links to SJT or Expedited Jury Trial Statutes � Nevada: Short Trial Rules � State Rules • http: //www. leg. state. nv. us/courtrules/NSTR. html Governing Statutes • Nev. Rev. Stat. 38. 250 https: //www. leg. state. nv. us/nrs/NRS-038. html • Nev. Rev. Stat. 38. 258 http: //www. leg. state. nv. us/NRS-038. html#NRS 038 Sec 258 • Nev. Rev. Stat. 67. 060 https: //www. leg. state. nv. us/nrs/NRS-067. html � Fed http: //www. nvd. uscourts. gov/Files/USDC_Short_Trial_Rules_and_forms. pdf New Hampshire State � http: //www. courts. state. nh. us/rules/supercr-new-31. htm � New Jersey State � Civil Complementary Dispute Resolution Program: http: //www. judiciary. state. nj. us/services/cdr. htm#whatcdr � Rules of Procedure for Summary Jury Trial Order: https: //www. judiciary. state. nj. us/civil/forms/10907. pdf �
Website Links to SJT or Expedited Jury Trial Statutes � New York State Rule � N. Y. C. P. L. R. 3031 -3037 (No credible link) Bronx County � https: //www. nycourts. gov/courts/12 jd/bronx/civil/pdfs/THE%20 SUMMARY%20 JURY %20 TRIAL%20 PROCESS. pdf Chautauqua County � http: //www. courts. state. ny. us/courts/8 jd/pdfs/SJTmanual 3. pdf Monroe County � No credible cite found Kings County � https: //www. nycourts. gov/COURTS/2 jd/KINGS/Civil/Kings. Supreme. Summary. Jury. Trial. Rules. pdf Nassau County � No credible cite found Suffolk County � Rules: http: //nycourts. gov/courts/10 jd/suffolk/pdf/SJTRules. pdf Information Sheet: http: //nycourts. gov/courts/10 jd/suffolk/pdf/SJTInfo. Sheet. pdf � Queens County � https: //www. nycourts. gov/courts/11 jd/supreme/civilterm/sjt_rules_packet. pdf
Website Links to SJT or Expedited Jury Trial Statutes � � � North Carolina State � Summary Jury Trial Program: North Carolina Superior & District Courts Rule 23 � Mediated Settlement Rules: North Carolina Superior Court Mediated Settlement Conference Rule 13 Non-credible source for statute � http: //www. egertonlaw. com/library/____SUMMARY_JURY_TRIALS_IN_NORTH_CAROLINA_8_23_11_ Draft. pdf North Dakota State � Summary Jury Trial https: //www. ndcourts. gov/court/rules/ndroc/rule 8. 8. htm Ohio Wood County � Summary Jury Trial: Gen. Div. C. P. Ct R. 7. 12 http: //www. co. wood. oh. us/lawlibrary/files/Rules_2 -11 -11. pdf Oregon State � Expedited Civil Jury Trial Program: http: //courts. oregon. gov/OJD/docs/programs/utcr/2015_UTCR_ch 5. pdf Pennsylvania (W. D. ) Fed � http: //www. pawd. uscourts. gov/Documents/Forms/EXPEDITED_DOCKET. pdf Bradford County � http: //bradfordcountypa. org/images/File 01. asp? T=Page. PDFs&IDF=pdf_id&N=pdf_file&ID=87&CT=applicati on/pdf
Website Links to SJT or Expedited Jury Trial Statutes � South Carolina State � Fast Track Jury Trial Process: http: //www. judicial. state. sc. us/whatsnew/displaywhatsnew. cfm? index. ID=857 � Tennessee State � Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 31 Sections 2, 3, 10, 24 https: //www. tncourts. gov/rules/supreme-court/31 � Texas State � Expedited Actions: Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 169 � Mini Trial: Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Cod. Ann. 154. 024 � http: //www. txcourts. gov/media/1055394/trcp-20150901. pdf http: //www. statutes. legis. state. tx. us/Docs/CP/pdf/CP. 154. pdf Summary Jury Trial: Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Cod. Ann. 154. 026 http: //www. statutes. legis. state. tx. us/Docs/CP/pdf/CP. 154. pdf
Website Links to SJT or Expedited Jury Trial Statutes � Utah State � Expedited Jury Trial: Utah Code Ann. 78 B-3 -901 to 78 B-3 -909 http: //le. utah. gov/xcode/Title 78 B/Chapter 3/78 B-3 -P 9. html? v=C 78 B-3 -P 9_18000101 � Order: Judicial Council Rules of Judicial Administration: https: //www. utcourts. gov/resources/rules/ucja/ch 04/4 -501. htm https: //www. utcourts. gov/resources/rules/ucja/ch 04/4 -502. htm � Virginia State � Summary Jury Trial: http: //law. lis. virginia. gov/vacode/title 8. 01/chapter 20. 1/ � Washington (W. D. ) Fed http: //www. wawd. uscourts. gov/sites/wawd/files/Local. Civil. Rules_Dec 17_2012. pdf
Works Cited
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