Wiens displacement law Displacement Serway and Jewett Physics

Wien’s displacement law Displacement： 位移 是說高峰的位置會隨 溫度的改變而移動。 Serway and Jewett Physics for Scientists and Engineers

Rayleigh-Jeans law Intensity: power per unit area in the range to +d is I( )d In the cavity there are standing waves, or normal modes. Each mode has energy k. BT/2 in average according the equi-partition theorem. The total energy of the modes per unit volume in the range k to k+dk (k is the wave number, k=2 / ) is (4 k 2 dk is the phase space integration. )

Fig. 28 -3, p. 939

Max Planck

Planck: Blackbody radiation, Energy can be divided into finite units.

Total radiation power

1 -3 光電效應 Photoelectric effect E: Emitter 源極 C: Collector 汲極

Power = (EB/ 0) A Power = hf n/ t

1 -4 光電效應的應用 X-ray 波動性質: Diffraction pattern of enzyme 酵素的x-ray繞射圖形 粒子性質: Real image

Ueda, et. al. , PRB 78 205206 Mn-doped diluted magnetic semiconductors Mn: 2 p 6 3 d 5 2 p 5 3 d 6 final state effect hybridization is important. pd exchange.

2 物質波 Matter Wave Louis de Broglie French Duke and German Prince

2 -1 波的性質: Huygens’s Principle http: //www. phy. ntnu. edu. tw/moodle/index. php

2 -2 物質波的形式 The Wave Properties of Particles 粒子的波動性質 Louis de Broglie: Because photons have both wave and particle characteristics, perhaps all forms of matter have both properties. 既然光子有波和粒子兩種特性，那也許所有物質都具 有這兩種性質。

Davisson-Germer Experiment http: //hyperphysics. phy-astr. gsu. edu/Hbase/quantum/davger 2. html

Bragg diffraction 布拉格繞射 建設性干涉 2 dsin =n

穿隧現象 Tunneling E = K + V, What if V > E ?

Electron Microscope 電子顯微鏡 DNA

Uncertainty Principle Werner Heisenberg

總結 Space is a field of linear (quantum) operators? “Nonsense. ” said Heisenberg, “space is blue and birds fly through it. ” It is dangerous for a physicist to describe Nature in terms of abstraction to far removed from the evidence of actual observation. Felix Bloch