Wi MAX What is Wi MAX Think about
Wi. MAX
What is Wi. MAX ? ?
Think about how you access the Internet today….
3 options !!
• Broadband access • Wi-Fi access • Dial-up access
Wi. MAX or Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access, is a wireless Internet service designed to cover wide geographical areas serving large number of users at low cost. Wi. MAX is the synonym given to the IEEE 802. 16 standard defining wide area wireless data networking.
Typical Network Ranges Wide Area Network Metropolitan Area Network WAN IEEE 802. 16 e IMT-2000(3 G) (Nationwide) MAN IEEE 802. 16 -2004 ETSI Hiper. MAN/Wi. MAX (50 Km) LAN IEEE 802. 11 (a, b, g) (150 m) Local Area Network PAN IEEE 802. 15 Bluetooth (10 m) Personal Area Network
A Wi. MAX system consists of two parts : • A Transmitter A single Wi. MAX tower can provide coverage to a very large area – as big as 3, 000 sq. miles • A Receiver The receiver and antenna could be a small box or PCMCIA card or they could built into a laptop as the way Wi-Fi access is today.
Wi. MAX
HOW DOES IT WORK ? • Wi. MAX uses microwave radio technology to connect computers to the internet in place of wired connections such as DSL or cable modems. • It works very much like cell phone technology in that reasonable proximity to a base station is required to establish a data link to the Internet. • Users within 3 to 5 miles of the base station will be able to establish a link using NLOS technology with data rates as high as 75 Mbps. • Users up to 30 miles away from the base staion with an antenna mounted for LOS to the base station will be able to connect at data rates approaching 280 Mbps.
Forms of Wireless Service • NLOS (Non Line of Sight) Wi-Fi sort of service • LOS ( Line of Sight)
Wi. MAX Fixed Wi. MAX (IEEE 802. 16 -2004) Ex: ETSI Hiper. MAN Mobile Wi. MAX (IEEE 802. 16 e) Ex: Wi. Bro • Optimized for Fixed and nomadic applications in LOS and NLOS environment • Optimized for Portable and mobile applications in NLOS environment • 10 -66 GHz licensed frequency bands (LOS) • Licensed and licenseexempt sub 11 GHz bands (LOS & NLOS) • Sub 6 GHz bands
Central Office, Network Management, VOIP Server etc. Customer Premise Equipment Traffic Aggregation Pt. P Wireless Backhaul Wireless PMP Access Base Station
IEEE 802. 16 • Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access System MAC and PHY specifications for 10 -66 GHZ (LOS) • One PHY: Single Carrier • Connection oriented, TDM/TDMA MAC, QOS, Privacy IEEE 802. 16 a • Amendment to 802. 16, MAC Modifications and additional PHY Specifications for 2 -11 Ghz (NLOS) • Three PHYs: OFDM, OFDMA, Single Carrier • Additional MAC functions: OFDM and OFDMA PHY support, Mesh topology support, ARQ IEEE 802. 16 d • Combines both IEEE 802. 16 and 802. 16 a • Some modifications to the MAC and PHY IEEE 802. 16 e • Amendment to 802. 16 -2004 • MAC modifications for limited mobility
The different flavors of Wi. MAX 802. 16 a Fixed Outdoor 802. 16 REVd 802. 16 e Fixed Outdoor Limited Mobility Applications • E 1/T 1 service for enterprises • Backhaul for Hotspots • Limited residential Broadband access • Indoor Broadband access for residential users ( High Speed Internet, Vo. IP, …) • “Portable” Broadband access for consumers CPE CPE • External box connected to PC with outside antenna • External box connected to PC with built-in antenna • PC Card • Always Best Connected
System for 802. 16 Wi. MAX
A TYPICAL Wi. MAX AND Wi. LAN DEPLOYMENT Non-line-of-sight, Point-to-multipoint: 802. 16 a Non-Line-of-sight, point-to-multipoint Or point-to-point backhaul : 802. 16 a 802. 11 Telco core network or Private (fiber) network Access Point Internet Backbone
Wi. MAX Point-To-Point backhaul Wi. MAX PTP backhaul ISP Po. P Wi-Fi Hotspots
Point to Multipoint application Wi. MAX point-to-multipoint Wire line or Wireless backhaul Wi. MAX Base Station Homes with outdoor/indoor Wi. MAX receiver ISP Po. P
Wi. MAX as the backbone of meshed networks Wi. MAX may enjoy a complementary relationship with Wi-Fi due to differences in the reach of the networks. Wi. MAX connections can be used to provide backhaul connections to Wi-Fi hotspots over longer distances. Wi. MAX could also play a key role in connecting Wi-Fi hotspots in a mesh-type network to quickly increase coverage and capacity. Wi-Fi Wi. MAX
Factors affecting Wi. MAX performance (throughput and range) • Frequency Band on which it is operating • Channel Bandwidth • Duplexing Scheme (TDD or FDD) • Modulation (BPSK, QPSK, 16 -QAM or 64 -QAM) and Code Rate • Antenna Types • Whether LOS or NLOS • Transmit Power • Receiver Sensitivity • The no. of users per base station sector.
Standard Family Primary Use Radio Tech Downlink (Mbps) Uplink (Mbps) 802. 16 e Wi. MAX Mobile Internet MIMOSOFDMA 70 70 Quoted speeds only achievable at very short ranges, more practically 10 Mbps at 10 km. HIPERMAN HIPERMA N Mobile Internet OFDM 56. 9 Wi. Bro Mobile Internet OFDMA 50 50 i. Burst 802. 20 Mobile Internet HC-SDMA UMTS W-CDMA HSDPA + HSUPA UMTS/3 G SM Mobile Phone CDMA/FD D . 384 3. 6 . 384 5. 76 HSDPA downlink widely deployed. Roadmap shows HSDPA up to 28. 8 Mbps downstream in the future. Currently, users can expect typical download speeds of 1 -2 Mbps but around 200 kbps uplink speeds. UMTS-TDD UMTS/3 G SM Mobile Internet CDMA/TD D 16 16 Reported speeds according to IPWireless using 16 QAM modulation similar to HSDPA+HSUPA LTE UMTS/4 G SM General 4 G OFDMA/M IMO/SCFD MA HSOPA >100 >50 CDMA 2000 Mobile Phone CDMA 0. 144 CDMA 2000 Mobile Internet CDMA/FD D i. Burst !x. RTT EV-DO 1 x Rev. 0 EV-DO 1 x Rev. A EV-DO Rev. B Mobile range (900 m) 64 64 3 -12 km Still in development 0. 144 Obsoleted by EV-DO 2. 45 3. 1 4. 9 x. N 0. 15 1. 8 x. N Rev B note: N is the number of 1. 25 MHz chunks of spectrum used. Not yet deployed.
Relationship with other Wireless Technologies 3 G Mobile-Fi Wi. MAX Max. Speed 2 Mbps 16 Mbps 54 Mbps 100 Mbps Coverage Several Miles 300 feet 50 miles Airwave Licensed Unlicense d Either Advantag es Range, Mobility Speed, Price Speed, Range Disadvan tages Slow, Expensiv e High Price Short Range Interfer ence issues
Security Issue • Every Wi. MAX traffic is encrypted using DES (Data Encryption Standard) or AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) for securing its transmission over the air. • The encryption keys are distributed from the BS to the SSs using PKM ( Privacy Key Management) protocol to ensure that only authorized SSs can receive the keys. • Every Wi. MAX user device is authenticated using a digital certificate or SIM ( Subscriber Identity Module). This way, Wi. MAX keeps user traffic from eavesdropping and protects operator or service provider from becoming a victim of bandwidth theft by unauthorized users.
USES 1) Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots with each other and to other parts of the internet. 2) Providing a wireless alternative to cable and DSL for last km broadband access. 3) Providing a high-speed mobile data and telecommunications services (4 G). 4) Providing a diverse source of Internet connectivity as a part of business continuity plan. 5) Providing Nomadic connectivity.
What are the Advantages ? • A Single Wi. MAX main Station can serve hundreds of users. • Endpoints install within days instead of the weeks required for wired connections. • Data rates as high as 280 Mbps and distances of 30 miles are possible. • Users can operate mobile within 3 -5 miles of a base station at data rates up to 75 Mbps. • No FCC radio licensing is required. • Less expensive than DSL or coaxial cable. What are the disadvantages ? • Line-of-Sight is required for long distance (5 -30 mile) connections. • Heavy rains can disrupt the service. • Other wireless electronics in the vicinity can interfere with the Wi. MAX connection and cause a reduction in data throughput or even a total disconnect.
Advantages over Wi-Fi The Wi. MAX specification provides symmetrical bandwidth over many kilometers and range with stronger encryption and typically less interference. Wi-Fi is short range has WEP or WPA encryption and suffers from interference as in metropolitan areas there are many users. The fastest Wi-Fi connection can transmit up to 54 Megabits per second under optimal conditions. Wi. MAX can handle up to 70 Megabits per second. The biggest difference isn’t speed; its distance. Wi. MAX outdistances Wi-Fi by miles. Analysis Wi. MAX is not competing other, it is wireless cable replacement technology, which competes with wired operators.
Future developments and IEEE 802. 20 MBWA is a technology developed by IEEE 802. 20. It is the future technology standard for true wireless broadband or 4 G and so far i. Burst is the only pre-selected solution with over a dozen commercial deployments worldwide.
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