Why You Need a DUI Court and How

Why You Need a DUI Court and How to Get Started Judge Richard A. Vlavianos, San Joaquin County Judge Gary L. Paden, Tulare County Judge Sam Lavorato, Jr. , Monterey County

Expanding Our Vision . . Task - Draw four straight lines connecting all nine boxes

WHY DUI?

DUIs are only misdemeanors – need to focus on more serious crime Homicides should be the main public safety focus

California Homicides 2013 1, 746 FBI Uniform Crime Report Murder or Non-Negligent Manslaughter

California Alcohol & Drug Involved Crash Fatalities 2013 1, 699 DMV DUI MIS Report

2013 - California Homicides and Impaired Driving Deaths Compared n Total = n Homicide = n Alcohol/Drug Impaired Driving = 3, 445 1, 746 1, 699

Imagine - 36% Reduction in DUI Deaths n Total = n Homicide = n Alcohol/Drug Driving = 2, 833 1, 746 1, 087 -612 lives

TARGETING THE HIGH RISK GROUP REPEAT OFFENDERS

Repeat Offenders Constitute: n n 1. 43% of California Drivers 26% of California DUI Offenders n 59% of California drivers in alcohol/drug fatal or injury crashes DMV MIS Report 2015

KNOWING THE CLIENT DUI OFFENDERS ARE DIFFERENT!

What do we know about DUI offenders? n n n High risk for a new DUI does not mean high risk for other types of criminal recidivism More likely to be high functioning in other areas (Many alcoholics still get up every morning and go to work and take care of their children) DUI offenders don’t often show up as high risk on risk assessments standardized on the typical criminal justice population

Are DUI offenders really different? More likely to be: q q q q q Male White Older Highly educated Employed Of a higher income level Scored as low risk on assessment Need DUI specific tool – DUI RANT, IDA

Are DUI offenders really that different from drug offenders? q q Engage in behavior that is dangerous and frequently causes serious injury or fatalities Denial - drinking alcohol is not illegal, highly prevalent, and even encouraged in many activities

GOOD NEWS TRADITIONAL DUI COURTS WORK!

TRADITIONAL DUI COURT Treatment n n Designed for addicted/dependent offenders n Intensive treatment n Intensive court supervision n 75 – 100 participants, no >125 n Great success rates Evidence based model for addicted offenders

Traditional DUI Court Data n n Georgia study – 3 courts (NHTSA) n 20% reduction in recidivism n Up to 65% for graduates Wisconsin study – 1 court (Temple) Michigan study – 3 courts (NPC) Minnesota study – 9 courts (NPC)

SOME BAD NEWS TRADITIONAL DUI COURTS ARE NOT FOR EVERYONE!

Who They Work For Only Individuals who are high risk and high need! n Increases recidivism/no effect for the rest n

Minnesota Study in 9 DWI Courts Completed September 2014 Participants (regardless of graduation status), at the majority of the 9 DWI courts had lower re-arrest rates but not all of them Graduates 0. 870000003 0. 57 0. 59 0. 70 0. 650000003 0. 54 0. 520. 53 0. 46 0. 3100000020. 29 All Participants 0. 36 0. 20 0. 14 0. 30 Comparison 0. 81 0. 750000000000003 0. 620000003 0. 47 0. 34 0. 21 0. 30 0. 19 0. 44 0. 28 0. 25 DWI Court DWI Court DWI Court #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 n = 51 n = 48 n = 46 n = 273 n = 33 n = 43 n = 140 n = 30 n = 74

% Appropriate for DUI Court n Risk/Needs Data on Repeat Offenders - San Joaquin Co. using DUI RANT n 654 over 18 months in S. J. County n 31% High Risk/High Need n 69% not – Traditional DUI Court is NOT APPROPRIATE

LIMITATIONS OF TRADITIONAL DUI COURTS n n n Numbers - should be no >125 n S. J. County - >500 repeat offenders per year Need to work with many more high risk offenders than traditional DUI Court handles Traditional DUI Court can exclude: n Many high risk substance abusers who need lesser interventions; and n Those who do not volunteer

California OTS Safety Ranking Alcohol Involved Collisions By County 1=Worst; 58=Best 50 45 43 40 43 38 40 38 30 25 20 30 24 22 19 32 37 36 34 35 31 29 28 20 18 19 18 17 18 15 10 9 36 13 11 9 9 10 9 15 14 11 6 5 5 21 0 6/30/1905 12: 00 AM 7/1/1905 12: 00 AM 7/2/1905 12: 00 AM 1 2 3 7/3/1905 12: 00 AM 4 5 6 7/4/1905 12: 00 AM 7/5/1905 12: 00 AM

Expanding Our Vision . .

MORE GOOD NEWS THE MULTI-TRACK DUI COURT MOVING THE TRAFFIC SAFETY NEEDLE THROUGH A MORE COMPREHENSIVE AND SYSTEMIC APPROACH

TRADITIONAL DUI COURT PRINCIPLES THAT CAN BE USED n n n Monitoring & accountability to court n Same judge Compliance monitored Consequences-certain & immediate Positive reinforcement ACCOUNTABILITY WORKS!!!

MULTI-TRACK MODEL DESIGN n n All Repeat Offenders!!! Track One – Everyone except High Risk/High Needs n Substance Abusers n Court Monitoring, no treatment Track Two – High Risk, High Needs n Addicts n DUI Court – Monitoring and Treament DUI RANT Screening determines track

COURT MONITORING TRACK n Report to Case Manager - verifes compliance Added probation conditions n Alcohol/drug monitoring; Abstain clause; VIP Court reviews scheduled for - 1 mo. ; 6 mo. ; 1 yr. n Court appearance added with non-compliance Immediate response to non-compliance Recognition for compliance n 81% of clients - 29% of costs n n

OUTCOMES Safety

SWITRS

OTHER OUTCOMES

OUTCOMES Workload -20% -22% CJIS , 2008 -2011

OVERALL IMPACT

NUMBERS Active clients n 518 (vs. 100? ) n Sinception (8 and ½ years) n 3, 769 (vs. 850? ) n n 440% greater impact

Thank You!