Why we should study Urbanisation Global Phenomenon Rate

Why we should study Urbanisation ? • Global Phenomenon • Rate of increase of Urban population : 60 million persons per year ( Three times the increase in the rural population ) • Developed Countries – 80% of the population in urban area Developing Countries – 40% of the population in urban areas • In Developing Countries – In 1950 : 17% of the population was urban In 2020 : It will be 54%

Urban Scenario in India • In the Year 1981 – 23 percent In the Year 2001 – 28 percent and In the Year 2030 – 41 percent ( projection ) • Contribution of Urban area in the growth of economy - 70% of incomes in Industry and Trade/Hotels - 90% of incomes in Banking and Insurance

PROCESS OF URBANISATION • Urbanisation is the result of rapid industrialization. • Setting up of several big industries in a particular area results in urbanization of the said area. • This leads to large scale migration of people to the cities. • New townships come up in and around the city in order to accommodate the increase in popluation.

Process of Urbanisation • Plenty of Job Opportunities • Urbanisation grows faster after the proportion of urban Population has reached 25% • Urban population in India – 29% • Contributing factors – Economic reforms and Globalisation, Liberalisation • Funds for urban infrastructure – Institutional financing, Capital Markets

Benefits of Urbanisation • Benefits to Government – Urban areas contribute to 50% of India’s GDP • Benefits to Citizens – Large Scale development of Roads, Transport, Housing Complexes, Potable water supply, Educational Institutes, Financial Institutions - Employment opportunities - Improvement in QUALITY OF LIFE

Problems of Urbanisation • Growing Disparities in Infrastructure and Investment in Developing Countries - Disparities between large and small urban areas - Income Disparities between Skilled/Organised manpower and Semiskilled/unorganized manpower • Strain on Services and Resources Need of the Hour : Balanced Growth Synchronisation between rate of urbanisation and rate of growth of urban infrastructure

DRAWBACKS OF UNPLANNED URBANIZATION Urbanization also leads to increase in vehicles which leads to environmental pollution Cost of living for poorer sections of the society may become unbearable Unhygenic conditions lead to growth in instances of diseases like chicken gunea , dengue and plague etc. , Urbanization also leads to encroachment of forest areas, green cover there by depleting forest cover.

Problems of Urbanisation ( Contd… ) • Strain on Ecosystem - depleting forest cover - depleting green cover

How to overcome the Drawbacks of Rapid Urbanisation ? • Plan for Balanced Growth • Anticipate the rate of urbanisation in advance and develop the infrastructure in time • More and more private sector involvement in infrastructure development and delivery of services • Decent Housing and Civic amenities for Slum dwellers • Free healthcare, education, vocational training for urban poor • Protecting the lakes, implementing green belts around the cities ( satellite images, vegetation data, urbanization maps, etc. )

CONCLUSION • Urbanization is good for country and people and is inevitable • Balanced and Planned Urbanization in Developing countries is the need of the hour • Immediate action points - increase the green cover and protect the lakes - improve the quality of life of slum dwellers - improve the conditions of roads, sanitation, drainage system • Joint action by city planners, NGOs, Government / Corporation, Industries, Institutes, Citizens THANK YOU