Why Measurement Is Important If you cant measure

Why Measurement Is Important “If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it. ” Bob Donath, Bob Donath and Co, Inc 中央資管：范錚強 2

Measurements Will Vary Over Time “The only man who behaved sensibly was my tailor; he took my measurement anew every time he saw me, while all the rest went on with their old measurements and expected them to fit me. ” George Bernard Shaw playwright and essayist 中央資管：范錚強 3 11 -3

Measurement Selecting measurable phenomena Developing a set of mapping rules Applying the mapping rule to each phenomenon 中央資管：范錚強 4

Characteristics of Measurement 中央資管：范錚強 5

Levels of Measurement Nominal Classification Ordinal interval Ratio 中央資管：范錚強 7

Nominal Scales Mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive categories Exhibits the classification characteristic only 中央資管：范錚強 8

Levels of Measurement Nominal Ordinal Classification Order interval Ratio 中央資管：范錚強 9

Ordinal Scales Characteristics of nominal scale plus an indication of order Implies statement of greater than and less than 中央資管：范錚強 10

Levels of Measurement Nominal Classification Order interval Classification Order Distance Ratio 中央資管：范錚強 11

Interval Scales Characteristics of nominal and ordinal scales plus the concept of equality of interval. Equal distance exists between numbers 中央資管：范錚強 12

Levels of Measurement Nominal Classification Order interval Classification Order Distance Ratio Classification Order Distance Natural Origin 中央資管：范錚強 13

Ratio Scales Characteristics of previous scales plus an absolute zero point Examples Weight Height Number of children 中央資管：范錚強 14

Moving from Investigative to Measurement Questions 中央資管：范錚強 15

Sources of Error Respondent Situation Measurer Instrument 中央資管：范錚強 16

Evaluating Measurement Tools Validity Criteria Reliability Practicality 中央資管：范錚強 17

Validity Determinants 在一個構念經由多個外顯 (manifest) 項目來測 量之下，有以下效度 Content Criterion 中央資管：范錚強 Construct 18

Increasing Face and Content Validity Literature Search Content Expert Interviews Etc. Question Database Group Interviews 中央資管：范錚強 21

Validity Determinants Content Construct 中央資管：范錚強 22

Multi-trait Multi-method Matrix Correlations Matrix 用同一個方法來衡量不同 的構念 用不同方法來衡量同一個 構念 對角線用 Cronbach’s alpha 取代 內部一致性 (ca) 係數要比Heteromethod Mono-trait (hm) 係數高 hm 係數要比 mh/hh 係數高 mh 和 hh 係數的三角形 pattern 要相同 M 1 M 1 M 2 M 2 T 1 T 2 T 3 M 1 T 1 ca M 1 T 2 mh ca M 1 T 3 mh mh ca M 2 T 1 hm hh hh ca M 2 T 2 hh hm hh mh ca M 2 T 3 hh hh hm mh mh ca 中央資管：范錚強 24

Increasing Construct Validity New measure of trust Known measure of trust Empathy Credibility 中央資管：范錚強 25

Validity Determinants Content Criterion 中央資管：范錚強 Construct 26

Judging Criterion Validity Relevance Freedom from bias Criterion Reliability Availability 中央資管：范錚強 27

Understanding Validity and Reliability 中央資管：范錚強 29

Reliability Estimates Stability Internal Consistency Equivalence 中央資管：范錚強 30

Practicality Economy Convenience 中央資管：范錚強 Interpretability 32