Why is Harvard referencing important How do I

Why is Harvard referencing important? How do I do it? The Project Qualification

January 2022 Harvard Referencing • Rule off • Underline title & date

• Look at the two texts. One is referenced, using the Harvard system. The other one is not. • What are the differences?

Why do you think Harvard Referencing might be important? • To avoid plagiarism • Because it’s an academic convention • Your sources and evidence can be verified • You can back up your points by appeal to authorities. • You can fairly cite the views of others.

How? • There are different referencing systems e. g. Vancouver, Harvard. • Learn the Harvard system unless advised otherwise. • There are different versions of the Harvard system. • Use one version and apply it consistently

How? • Two ingredients • 1. Reference list • 2. In-text referencing • No footnotes • No endnotes • No ‘Bibliography’

Reference List • Where does it appear? • How is it ordered? • How is the list indented?

Referencing a book

Reference List: Book Author: John Mackie Title: Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong Year of publication: 1977 Place of publication: London Publisher: Penguin

Becomes Mackie, J. (1977) Ethics: Inventing right and wrong (London, Penguin).

Reference List: Book Author: Alfred Ayer Title: Language, Truth and Logic Year of publication: 1936 Place of publication: London Publisher: Penguin

Becomes Ayer, A. (1936) Language, truth and logic (London, Penguin).

Reference List so far… Ayer, A. (1936) Language, truth and logic (London, Penguin). Mackie, J. (1977) Ethics: Inventing right and wrong (London, Penguin).

Where do you get the information that you need?

https: //www. amazon. co. uk/Stalin-Court. Simon-Sebag. Montefiore/dp/178022835 X/ref=sr_1_2? ie= UTF 8&qid=1539239118&sr=82&keywords=stalin

‘Look Inside’ and find it on one of the inside covers!

Reference List so far… Ayer, A. (1936) Language, truth and logic (London, Penguin). Mackie, J. (1977) Ethics: Inventing right and wrong (London, Penguin). Montefiore, S. (2004) Stalin: The Court of the red Tsar (London, Phoenix).

Reference List: Website • Website article author: Mark Vernon • Website article title: Rediscovering Plato’s Vision • Year of publication: 2017 • Date accessed: 26 September 2017 • Website address: https: //philosophynow. org/issues/122/Rediscover ing_Platos_Vision

Becomes • Vernon, M. (2017) Rediscovering Plato’s vision. Available online at https: //philosophynow. org/issues/122/Re discovering_Platos_Vision (accessed 26 September 2017)

Reference List: Website • Website article author: BBC • Website article title: Saudi women rejoice at the end of the driving ban • Year of publication: 2017 • Date accessed: 27 September 2017 • Website address: http: //www. bbc. co. uk/news/worldmiddle-east-41411799

Becomes • BBC (2017) Saudi women rejoice at the end of driving ban. Available online at https: //philosophynow. org/issues/122/Redis covering_Platos_Vision (accessed 27 September 2017)

Ayer, A. (1936) Language, truth and logic London, Penguin). BBC (2017) Saudi women rejoice at the end of driving ban. Available online at https: //philosophynow. org/issues/122/Rediscovering_P latos_Vision (accessed 27 September 2017). King-Smith, D. (1998) How green was my mouse (London, Puffin). Mackie, J. (1977) Ethics: Inventing right and wrong (London, Penguin). Montefiore, S. (2004) Stalin: The Court of the red Tsar (London, Phoenix). Vernon, M. (2017) Rediscovering Plato’s vision. Available online at https: //philosophynow. org/issues/122/Rediscovering_P latos_Vision (accessed 26 September 2017)

Reference: Journal Article • https: //web. sas. upenn. edu/ggoodwin/files/2016/08/Goodwin. Darley-2008 -Moral-objectivism-COGNITION-1 ysue 6 e. pdf

Reference: Journal Article • Authors: John Goodwin and John Darley • Year: 2008 • Journal title: Cognition, issue 106 • Article title: The Psychology of Meta-Ethics: Exploring Objectivism • Pages: 1339 to 1366

Becomes • Goodwin, J. & Darley, J. (2008) The psychology of meta-ethics, Cognition, 106, pp. 1339 -1366.

Reference: Journal Article • https: //web. sas. upenn. edu/ggoodwin/files /2016/08/Goodwin-Darley-2008 -Moralobjectivism-COGNITION-1 ysue 6 e. pdf

Reference: Journal Article • Authors: John Goodwin and John Darley • Year: 2008 • Journal title: Cognition, issue 106 • Article title: The Psychology of Meta-Ethics: Exploring Objectivism • Pages: 1339 to 1366

Becomes • Goodwin, J. & Darley, J. (2008) The psychology of meta-ethics, Cognition, 106, pp. 1339 -1366.

Other texts & resources • There are different referencing conventions for other types of resources e. g. chapters of books… • Use a Harvard referencing manual e. g. http: //www 2. le. ac. uk/offices/ld/resources/ writing/harvard/contents

Study the sample reference list. How does this Journal’s version of the Harvard style differ from the one we’ve used?

Hattie (2003) found that good teachers were enthusiastic. Evidence suggests that good teachers work hard (Bubb, 1993; Jones, 2000; Smith, 2007). Hattie (2003, p. 17) argues that ‘good teachers are passionate about their subjects’. According to Sprod (2017), good teachers ask many questions. It is sometimes claimed that lazy pupils As Day et al. (2005) writes, there is a succeed (e. g. Df. E, 2000); however, … clear correlation between effort and success.

Other texts & resources • There are different ways of other types of resources e. g. chapters of books • Use a Harvard referencing manual e. g. http: //www 2. le. ac. uk/offices/ld/resources/ writing/harvard/contents • Remember, Harvard styles themselves differ…

Treat long quotations differently

Marx was a controversial figure. He famously urged workers to be critical of their employers: The Communists fight for the attainment of the immediate aims, for the enforcement of the momentary interests of the working class; but in the movement of the present, they also represent and take care of the future of that movement. In France, the Communists ally with the Social-Democrats(1) against the conservative and radical bourgeoisie, reserving, however, the right to take up a critical position in regard to phases and illusions traditionally handed down from the great Revolution (Marx & Engels, 1848, pp. 29 -30). However, many Marxists…

et al. : Latin term Reference List Jones, P. , Smith, J. , Rye, P. , and Peters, M. (2007) Living ethically (London, Routledge) In-text reference Jones et al. (2007) contend that living ethically means treating animals as well as himans with respect.

Becoming a proficient referencer • Practise referencing • Study a Harvard-reference style manual • Find an article and study carefully how this text is referenced. E. g. https: //www. psychologytoday. com/sites/defa ult/files/Wai. Rindermann 2017. pdf • Supervisor / co-ordinator