Why has there been a population explosion Why

Why has there been a population explosion?

Why has there been a population explosion? Birth rate Death rate If the …. . is greater than the …. we have natural increase. The population explosion has been caused by people …. .

How is population growth different to natural increase? The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country.

Natural increase NI = CBR – CDR 10 as it is always a percentage The Philippines: CBR: 24. 62 CDR: 4. 95 NI = 26. 62 – 4. 95 divided by 10 = 1. 967 = 2. 0 (1 dp) Japan: China: Malawi: The Netherlands:

Definitions: …………. An increasing or accelerating rate of growth Number of babies that dies before their 1 st birthday/1000 live births The number of deaths in children under the age of 5 / 1000 children

Birth rates Philippines crude birth rate China: Malawi: Japan: The Netherlands: Why /1000? Why crude? 25/1000/year

CBR Definition: The number of births per thousand people in the population per year - Doesn’t take into account the age structure - Doesn’t take into account the sex structure + But is easy to calculate Total number of births Total population x 1000 per year

Death rates How do you measure them? Why is the CDR a poor indicator of mortality trends? What would be better? Life expectancy UK Andrew Marr BBC IMR Malawi Gates Foundation

Maximise your chances of living to 100

Definitions Average number of years that a person can be expected to live to, usually from birth The number of deaths/1000/year

Describe the pattern in population growth rates shown on the map. Look at indexmundi. com Remember: general specific, name regions/continents/countries

Describe the pattern in population growth rates shown on the map. The world map shows that population growth rates are not the same across the world. Africa is the continent with the highest growth rates with rates of……. . Niger and Zimbabwe have rates of…. Asia also has…. An anomaly is…. . On the other hand, Europe…… Russia North and South America and Oceania…. ….

Describe the pattern in Infant mortality rates shown on the map. • Index mundi • Click on countries for individual rates

Die young: High death rate Live to be older: Low death rate Lots of children: High birth rate Few children: Low birth rate

• • • Pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies Social traditions Religious beliefs Female literacy levels affect birth rates because Economic prosperity Poverty levels have an affect on birth rates because Infant Mortality Rate Urbanization levels BRs may be higher in some Age of marriage places due to …. . Pension availability may mean that. . Conflict causes…. . HL: Existing age-sex structure

• increased food supplies and distribution • better nutrition • improvements in medical and public health technology (such as immunizations and antibiotics) • improved sanitation and personal hygiene • safer water supplies • better education • shorter working weeks • lower population densities

Justify the effect that each of these has on death rates • increased food supplies and distribution • better nutrition • improvements in medical and public health technology (such as immunizations and antibiotics) • improved sanitation and personal hygiene • safer water supplies • better education • shorter working weeks • lower population densities

Using lines, draw the graph to show BR and DR have changed over time. Then add the line showing total population. BR DR Total population Time

The Demographic Transition Model Simple Song Detail

Demographic Transition Model • Many more houses are being built The Public Health Inspector smiles as the building of the new sewers are completed • Deepta aged 9 works on a farm instead • of going to school • Parents start to think more about family planning • Fewer people share a bedroom • Shakira has 7 brothers and sisters • Grandparents are rare • There are more Golden Weddings • People are encouraged to migrate to other countries to find employment • A mother sobs over the grave of the last of her 6 children who died in a typhoid epidemic • A new highway has just been built connecting 2 towns to the port • Cheryl is promoted to Manager of the bank where she works.

Hans Rosling: Population and boxes

What did you learn? 1960 - MEDC population: - LEDC population: What do we call the countries that are more developed than LEDCs but not quite as developed as MEDCs? What does Hans Rosling predict for 2050? ‘Middle’ countries? Poor countries? Why this change in the poor countries? What does he suggest is the key to bringing down the total fertility rate?

Correlations

Describe the relationship shown on the graph. (4)

Replacement rate and total fertility rate • 2. 1 Replacement rate is 2. 1 i. e. women need to have 2. 1 children on average to keep the population at the same size. Watch only 2 mins.

Death rate What alternative measures for the health of a population did we suggest?

Definition The annual number of female deaths per 100, 000 live births from any cause related to pregnancy/year Rates for our 5 countries:

Maternal mortality rate Inequality in global MMRs: map and youtube clip Causes of high MMR: Solutions in general:

MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE Al J Case study: Malawi

% of maternal deaths that occur in rich world: Poor world: 4 complications maternal death : Preventable or not? What is there a need for? Malawi: MMR is … highest in world Reasons for a high MMR in Malawi: Solution provided? Success? Why aren’t there enough trained midwives in Malawi? What other problems lead to the high MMR?

CAUSE? CORRELATION?

Research time CBR CDR LE IMR CMR MMR Pop growth and natural increase Total fertility rate Demographic Transition Model Population structure - 3 age groups % Population pyramids – now and in past and future Ageing population or youthful population? Population policy Youtube clips and images to support your presentation