Why did the Plantations begin Surrender and Regrant

Why did the Plantations begin? ? • Surrender and Regrant did not work. • So King Henry VIII & his Lord Deputy decided to come up with another way to get Ireland under English control. • This was called Plantation. English people would take over land from the Gaelic & Anglo-Norman Lords.

How would Plantation work? The New Settlers were allowed to: ◦ carry weapons in order to protect themselves against the Irish (this was less expensive than an army) ◦ set up towns to increase trade ◦ Practice English laws & customs ◦ Spread the Protestant faith in Ireland

Queen Mary of England • Became queen in 1553 • Daughter of Henry VIII, part of the Tudor Family • Organised the first Plantation; Laois-Offaly

How was the first plantation decided? The Pale was continuously raided by the Gaelic clans, the O’Connors & the O’Mores. Defence forts built around the Pale to defend from the raids. The Lord Deputy suggested to Queen Mary of England; ◦ that English soldiers be put on land around the Pale to defend and farm the land. ◦ Land was confiscated from the raiding Irish lords & a plantation be organised.

How the Plantation was orgaised: • Land confiscated from the O’Moores & O’Connors, then divided into 2. • O’Connor’s territory (Laois) = Queen’s county, Maryborough town. • O’Moore’s territory (Offaly) = King’s county, Philipstown • 1/3 land given to Gaelic lords along the shannon • Other 2/3 s given to English settlers, each got 360 acres.

Terms & conditions for the Settlers. L: Had to build stone houses on their land. Had to bring armed servants Could not give servant & labourer jobs to Gaelic Irish Could not sell or rent land to Gaelic Irish Could not live away from the Plantation There was a Sheriff in each county to enforce the common law. q Each time had courthouse, gaol & farmers market. q

Results of the Laois-Offaly Plantation: Plantation was a failure. The 88 families that were planted their, were not brought from England. Families already living in Ireland. Irish Gaelic servants were employed (no others available) O’Mooore’s & O’Connor’s continued to attack the settlers. = The settlers left This was a blueprint for future plantations