Why Crystals and Crystal Engineering Matter to Save

Why Crystals and Crystal Engineering Matter to Save the Real will the World Mike Zaworotko Bernal Institute, Dept Chemical Sciences and SSPC University of Limerick, Ireland Royal Society of Chemistry, November 29 th 2018 1

When I “got lucky” and discovered chemistry Royal College of Science, Imperial College 1976 G. Wilkinson 1973 Nobel Prize R. M. Barrer, the father of zeolite chemistry 1 x female professor, 6 x female students 20 x male professors, 67 male students 2

• > € 100 million investment in buildings and people • 10 new Bernal Chairs (6 hired) • 70 industrial partnerships • Research in advanced materials, imaging, manufacturing/process engineering, fluid dynamics • Infrastructure is secondto-none • Host of SSPC The Bernal Institute, founded in 2016 – “open for business” 3

Global Challenges National Academies of Engineering: 14 Challenges for the 21 st Century MAKE SOLAR ENERGY ECONOMICAL PROVIDE ACCESS TO CLEAN WATER DEVELOP CARBON SEQUESTRATION METHODS ENGINEER BETTER MEDICINES http: //www. engineeringchallenges. org/challenges/16091. aspx 4

Solid-state & Synthesis Pharmaceutical Centre an SFI Research Centre • Denise Croker General Manager • Gavin Walker Co-Director • Mike Zaworotko Co-Director 5

Today’s SSPC Industry-University Partnership (funded through 2025) • Focus – Molecules, Materials and Medicines • Hosted by University of Limerick 6

Outline Crystal engineering then and now Then: First design steps - H-bonded nets, pcu and dia topology coordination networks Now: Application 1 - Pharmaceutical cocrystals Now Application 2 - Advanced porous materials 7

A piece of history 1959: There’s plenty of room at the bottom “What would the properties of materials be if we could really arrange the atoms the way we wantn! o i t c them? . . . n u f e r … we will get an enormously greater o f e b s e range of m possible properties that o c substances can have, and of different m r o F things that we can do. " Richard P. Feynman, Dec 29, 1959 8

The situation in 1988 Crystal design (crystal engineering) was an oxymoron “One of the continuing scandals in the physical sciences is that it remains in general impossible to predict the structure of even the simplest crystalline solids from a knowledge of their chemical composition” John Maddox, Nature, 1988, 335, 201. • • Most active drug substances are crystalline solids: preferred for their stability, purity and reproducibility Patentability of crystal forms: Our general inability to predict the structure and properties of new crystal forms can make them patentable 9