Why are natural ecosystems important Sustainable Ecosystems Understanding

Why are natural ecosystems important? Sustainable Ecosystems Understanding cold biomes (polar & tundra) Resources Text book page 92 -93 Main skills • Creating a climate graph & interpretation Links to the spec • 4. 1 Understand the concept of an ecosystem being the interdependence of climate, soil, water, plants and animals • 4. 1 The feature of polar & tundra ecosystems A Act SPG Arctic, Antarctic, polar, tundra, permafrost, maximum, minimum, range, adaption. 20/01/2022

Why are natural ecosystems important? Sustainable Ecosystems Understanding cold biomes (polar & tundra) Understanding the features of the world’s cold biomes. Learning Objectives: • To be able to describe the distribution and characteristics of the world’s cold ecosystems • To be able to explain why polar & tundra ecosystems have different features SPG Arctic, Antarctic, polar, tundra, permafrost, maximum, minimum, range, adaption. 20/01/2022

Why are natural ecosystems important? Sustainable Ecosystems Understanding cold biomes (polar & tundra) Review: With your neighbour answer the following - • Define ecosystem: • What are the key words for the living and non-living environments? • What word describes the relationships and connections between components of an ecosystem? • Name 4 different biomes. • What is the main influence that affects the global distribution of biomes. SPG Arctic, Antarctic, polar, tundra, permafrost, maximum, minimum, range, adaption. CL Criteria for Learning 20/01/2022

Why are natural ecosystems important? An ecosystem is a community of living things – the biotic e. g flora = plants & fauna = animals) and their interdependence with one another and the abiotic (nonliving) environment e. g. soil; water; rock; climate. Sustainable Ecosystems Understanding cold biomes (polar & tundra) Biotic Abiotic The living and non-living components in every ecosystem are all interdependent. SPG Arctic, Antarctic, polar, tundra, permafrost, maximum, minimum, range, adaption. 20/01/2022

Why are natural ecosystems important? Sustainable Ecosystems Understanding cold biomes (polar & tundra) Word Ecosystem Tropical rainforests Tropical grasslands Hot deserts Mediterranean Temperate deciduous forests Temperate grasslands Coniferous forests Tundra E Act SPG Arctic, Antarctic, polar, tundra, permafrost, maximum, minimum, range, adaption. 20/01/2022

Why are natural ecosystems important? The most important single factor that determines where each type of biome is found is climate. Sustainable Ecosystems Understanding cold biomes (polar & tundra) Climate. The temperature and rainfall of any location will influence the plant growth, (flora) which in turn affects the number and types of animals (fauna). E Act SPG Arctic, Antarctic, polar, tundra, permafrost, maximum, minimum, range, adaption. 20/01/2022

Why are natural ecosystems important? Sustainable Ecosystems Understanding cold biomes (polar & tundra) Task: Identify biomes 1, 4 and 7. Challenge: Identify all the biomes. SPG Arctic, Antarctic, polar, tundra, permafrost, maximum, minimum, range, adaption. 20/01/2022

Why are natural ecosystems important? 7 Sustainable Ecosystems Understanding cold biomes (polar & tundra) Tropical Rainforest – This is a very hot and wet biome located on or around the equator. Known for its Biodiversity 5 Tropical Savannah - A dry and hot area composed of mainly grassland scattered shrubs and isolated trees, which can be found between a tropical rainforest and desert biome in Africa, Arabia and even Australia 4 Desert - This biome is very hot and also very, very dry. Found around 30°N and S of the Equator 8 Chaparral (Mediterranean – evergreen trees and shrubs in Atlas) – found around the Mediterranean Sea 6 Grassland - rolling terrain of grasses, flowers and herbs. Found mainly in the interior of Europe/Asia and North America 1 Temperate Deciduous Forest - few extremes of climate and can be found in the eastern half of North America, and the west of Europe. It can also be found in Asia. The forest has four distinct seasons. 2 Temperate Boreal Forest - Also known as the taiga, this biome is a northern coniferous (evergreen) forest. Found north of temperate deciduous forests in Canada, Europe, Asia, and the United States 3 Arctic and Alpine Tundra - covers one-fifth of the land on earth. It is below freezing at night year rou nd and the meaning of its name comes from Lappish language (Lapland) which means “land with no trees”. SPG Arctic, Antarctic, polar, tundra, permafrost, maximum, minimum, range, adaption. 20/01/2022

Why are natural ecosystems important? Sustainable Ecosystems Understanding cold biomes (polar & tundra) COPY: Biomes are large-scale ecosystems defined by abiotic factors, especially the climate (temperature and precipitation) and also relief (steepness of the land), geology (type of rocks) and soil fertility. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=h. Iy 0 Zly. PPDg How many different ecosystems or biomes do you notice? SPG Arctic, Antarctic, polar, tundra, permafrost, maximum, minimum, range, adaption. 20/01/2022

Why are natural ecosystems important? Sustainable Ecosystems Understanding cold biomes (polar & tundra) In pairs describe the DISTRIBUTION of the 3 biomes coloured. SPG Arctic, Antarctic, polar, tundra, permafrost, maximum, minimum, range, adaption. 20/01/2022

Sustainable Ecosystems Review: Did you use any of these geographical words? Understanding cold biomes (polar & tundra) Why are natural ecosystems important? • latitude, equator, tropic of Cancer, tropic of Capricorn, named continents, named countries, compass points - e. g. north, south, east, NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA EUROPE AFRICA ASIA Example for tropical rainforests Tropical rainforests can be found around the equator and within the tropics of. . . They are located in the continents of. . . Countries that have tropical rainforests include. . . , whilst there are no tropical rainforests located in. . . The reason why they are found in these locations is. . . SPG Arctic, Antarctic, polar, tundra, permafrost, maximum, minimum, range, adaption. 20/01/2022

Why are natural ecosystems important? Sustainable Ecosystems Understanding cold biomes (polar & tundra) Sub-title: The two Polar region biomes (Arctic & Antarctic) Text book page 92. Task: Copy out these key words & use the text book to write definitions • Arctic • Antarctic • Tundra • Permafrost SPG Arctic, Antarctic, polar, tundra, permafrost, maximum, minimum, range, adaption. 20/01/2022

Why are natural ecosystems important? Ecosystems Found on inland areas - far. Sustainable from the warming Understanding cold biomes (polar & tundra) influence of the sea. The Arctic Circle is 66. 50 N, the Antarctic Circle is 66. 50 S. Receives strong katabatic wind (descending wind) Arctic Greenland Antarctica MADE UP OF: ICE SHEETS GLACIERS There is cold sinking air (SNOW BUILDS UP) Winter temps can fall below 50 °c Barren icy land; few animals can survive polar regions maximum, are partlyminimum, or completely SPG Arctic, Antarctic, polar, Most tundra, permafrost, range, adaption. covered with ice caps - soil is always frozen! 20/01/2022

TUNDRA Not permanently Why are natural ecosystems important? covered in. Sustainable ice and Ecosystems Understanding cold biomes (polar & tundra) snow unlike polar regions Covers around 1/7 th of the Earths surface Summers warmer, with more precipitation than polar regions Climate less extreme than polar regions Around the edges of the Arctic/Antarctica Permafrost = Permanently frozen ground Short growing season when upper part of soil thaws out. Water cannot drain away, therefore bogs form. Few nutrients left in soil as they are drained away. Arctic fox Polar bear Caribou SPG Arctic, Antarctic, polar, tundra, permafrost, maximum, minimum, range, adaption. Adapted to long cold winters & short breeding 20/01/2022 season

Antarctica Why are natural ecosystems important? Sustainable Ecosystems Understanding cold biomes (polar & tundra) What do you know already? The statements I think that are true are: 1. Polar bears eat penguins 2. Most of the world’s fresh water is frozen in the ice of Antarctica 3. If you visited Antarctica in December you would have 24 hours of darkness 4. The largest permanent land inhabitant at Antarctica is 12 mm long 5. Antarctica is the coldest, highest, driest and windiest continent on earth. 6. Antarctica is ice floating on the sea Arctic, Antarctic, polar, tundra, permafrost, maximum, minimum, range, 7. SPG The only direction you can travel from the South Pole is North 20/01/2022 adaption.

Task: are 1: natural copy the exam tips Why ecosystems important? Sustainable Ecosystems Understanding biomes (polar & tundra) 2: Complete the climate graph for a Barrow in Alaska – a Tundra cold environment Understanding a climate graph. Describing temperature. Refer to – Maximum – how hot? extreme or moderate? Minimum – how cold? moderate? Range (difference between max and min) = temperate? extreme? . The bars = rainfall. The line = temperature. Describing rainfall. Refer to – – how much or how little? – seasonal pattern? - even? seasonal? Important: Make sure you read from the relevant scale. Beware of using terms such as ‘summer’ and ‘winter’. Remember places SPG Arctic, in. Antarctic, polar, tundra, permafrost, maximum, minimum, range, the southern hemisphere will have opposite summers & winters adaption. 20/01/2022

Why are natural ecosystems important? Sustainable Ecosystems Understanding cold biomes (polar & tundra) Task: Complete the climate graph for a Barrow in Alaska – a Tundra environment Describe the climate in Barrow. Use months and data. Polar Challenge: Compare the climate graph for Barrow (tundra) to the Mc. Murdo (polar) environment graph. Challenge 2: Suggest why plants grow in tundra and not in polar using evidence from the climate graphs • Which environment receives more rain? • Which environment is colder? • Use figures/months SPG Arctic, Antarctic, polar, tundra, permafrost, maximum, minimum, range, adaption. 20/01/2022

Sustainable Ecosystems Understanding cold biomes (polar & tundra) Why are natural ecosystems important? Arctic Antarctica Location: where in the world? Named countries? Climate features What are the max & min temps? How much precipitation? Reasons for the climate features Flora & fauna – explain the plant & animal adaptions. R Reflect SPG Arctic, Antarctic, polar, tundra, permafrost, maximum, minimum, range, adaption. 20/01/2022

Why are natural ecosystems important? Sustainable Ecosystems Understanding cold biomes (polar & tundra) How well can you answer these questions now? Location? Climate? Soils? Plants? Animals? WHY? Use these pictures to describe what the cold environments are like. Can you explain why they are like this? SPG Arctic, Antarctic, polar, tundra, permafrost, maximum, minimum, range, adaption. 20/01/2022